Persuasive Essay Against Capital Punishment - 753 Words

Persuasive Essay Against Capital Punishment â€Å"Kill. (Verb) To make someone or something die.† Does anyone really think they have the right to take another person’s life? Apparently yes. Perhaps we should give the judge a knife and tell her that if she has decided that the accused is guilty, she should stab him herself. Perhaps then she would hesitate. But if many people (hundreds or thousands who operate the judicial system) are involved, it spreads, or even divides the feeling of culpability among many. They may feel less guilty, especially if they believe that they are representing the whole society of their country. What makes it seem more â€Å"humane† is the official perspective of it.†¦show more content†¦Another reason which people give in support of capital punishment is that with a life sentence you have to feed the criminals for years and years, but if you â€Å"terminate† their life earlier, then the government will be saving on the costs of having to support them for ever. This is actually not true at all. The court appeals involved in the death penalty turn into a long, drawn-out and very expensive process. A quote I found stat es, â€Å"Add up criminal justice process expenses, trial court costs, appellate and Melanie AZ Morales Robson Summer Examinations 2004 English Coursework post-conviction costs, and prison costs, including years served on death row in awaiting execution. Altogether, the extra costs per death penalty imposed is over a quarter million dollars, and per execution exceeds $2 million.† This can be compared to the average cost for a twenty-year prison term for first-degree murder, which is approximately $330 thousand. Even if it were more economical to apply capital punishment to a prisoner, this would hardly make it justifiable in a humane society. I think therefore that a life sentence is always ultimately better than the death penalty. If, in later appeals or retrials, the executed person is found to be innocent, they cannot beShow MoreRelatedThe Death Penalty by David Bruck Essay1123 Words   |  5 Pagesreaders against capital punishment. His purpose is to persuade readers against the death penalty in order for them to realize that it is inhuman, irrational, and that â€Å"neither justice nor self-preservation demands that we kill men whom we have already imprisoned.† Bruck does not employ an array of devices but he does employ some such as juxtaposition, rhetorical questions, and appeals to strengthen his argument. He establishes an informal relationship with his audience of supporters of capital punishmentRead MoreEssay about A Hanging by George Orwell877 Words   |  4 PagesHigher Question – Choose an essay or a piece of journalism which has made an impact on you because of its effective style. Discuss how the writer’s style adds to the impact of the content. â€Å"A Hanging† by George Orwell is an influential, autobiographical essay, in which the subject of capital punishment is powerfully examined. The essay is based on a prisoner’s execution in a Prisoner of War camp in Burma during the Second World War. In the essay, Orwell is a prison guard for the camp and carefullyRead MoreThe Death Penalty Of Capital Punishment1480 Words   |  6 Pagessystem, such as the death penalty. Capital punishment has been used many times in history all around the world, and it was quite popular. Many people argue that capital punishment is useful in deterring crime and that it is only fair that criminals receive death as punishment for a heinous crime. On the contrary, others see the death penalty as a violation of the 8th amendment. It restricts excessive fines, and it also does not allow cruel and unusual punishment to be inflicted upon criminals. AlthoughRead MoreThe Life of David Gale Essay1364 Words   |  6 Pageson Duty† Capital Punishment is when a person is put to death for a crime they committed. While most americans continue to support execution, there is always the few who are against it. One of the main arguments against capital punishment is that someone can wrongfully be charged for a crime they did not commit and then wrongfully have their life taken away. In the film, The Life of David Gale, the director, Alan Parker, tells of the story of a man who is sentenced to capital punishment for a crimeRead MorePersuasive Essay : Capital Punishment1200 Words   |  5 PagesPersuasive Essay Ethan Martin Communications 100 October 18th 2015 Capital Punishment Capital punishment, which is also known as the death penalty, is the punishment of a crime by execution. This extreme retribution is reserved for those who have committed heinous, or capital crimes against society, therefore considered an ongoing threat. Capital punishment was abolished from the Canadian Criminal Code in 1976. It was substituted with a compulsory life sentence without possibilityRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is It Ever Justified?1111 Words   |  5 Pagesthat serious crimes are being committed more often. The death penalty is something that is needed here in the United States to help lower these ongoing vicious crime rates. In the essay â€Å"The Death Penalty: Is It Ever Justified?† Written by Edward I. Koch, this exact issue is discussed. Koch believes capital punishment in the form of the death penalty may help make these criminals to understand morality, or right from wrong. He states, â€Å"Life is indeed precious, and I believe the death penalty helpsRead MoreThe Death Penalty : An Important Development For The Human Right868 Words   |  4 Pagesthe flip side, the death penalty as practiced by most of the countries had its record since the 8th century (in Roman law). The reformation movement against capital punishment took place during the last half of the century. The debates on the abolition of death penalty sill exist today within the legal fraternity, and so the purpose of this essay is to explore how far the death penalty is justifiable in view of right to life that has been enshrined in the laws. In lieu of right to life as setRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of The Death Penalty1331 Words   |  6 PagesAs the Shannon Rafferty E-Portfolio states, â€Å"The use of capital punishment greatly deters citizens from committing crimes such as murder. Many people’s greatest fear is death; therefore, if they know that death is a possible consequence for their actions, they are less likely to perform such actions† and it also states that â€Å"Ernest van den Haag brings forth the argument that capital punishment is the strongest deterrent society has against murder, which has been proven in many studies. â€Å"Since societyRead MoreGun Control859 Words   |  4 PagesScholarly Essay: Gun Control There has been considerable debate recently in Canada over the issue of gun control. The Canadian parliament enacted the Firearms Act to enforce gun control by requiring gun owners to register their firearms. Just recently, the government of Alberta lead in a charge, including five other provinces and numerous pro-gun groups, complaining that the law is unconst... Gun Control Gun control Gun Control Part I:Introduction The issue of gun control and violenceRead MoreEssay about Capital Punishment Law2161 Words   |  9 PagesThe current state of the law regarding capital punishment is that each state is allowed to create its own death penalty statutes and implement the death penalty basically as it chooses. The Supreme Court in Coker v. Georgia did limit the implementation of the death penalty to only apply to the crime of murder and not any other offense such as rape. Currently, 15 American states have partially or completely outlawed the death penalty including Michigan, Alaska, Hawaii, Wisconsin, Maine, California

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection - 1445 Words

Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) is defined as the occurrence of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in patients with a urinary catheter in the past 48 hours. Published guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) further defines CAUTI by the presence of significant bacteriuria of ≠¥ 103 CFU/ml found in the urinalysis and signs and symptoms of a UTI without the presence of another cause for these findings. Signs and symptoms of CAUTI could include: altered mental status, fever, chills, flank pain, costovertebral angle tenderness, and hematuria. If the catheter has been removed in the past 48 hours the symptoms could also include urgency and frequency (Fakih et al., 2016). A2. Significance of the problem The most common health care associated infection (HAI) is CAUTI. Forty percent of all hospital-acquired infections are UTIs and 80% of these are directly linked to having an indwelling urinary catheter in place (Underwood, 2015). Urinary catheters are required in up to 25% of hospitalized patients and bacteriuria results in about 25% of patients with a catheter for greater than 5 days and this number increases by 1 to 5% for each day the catheter is in place after that. The harmful consequences of CAUTI include increased length of stay, higher health care cost, and increased mortality. CAUTI is known to cost health care in the U.S. $400-$500 million annually (Leuck et al., 2015). A3. Current Practice The growing concerns overShow MoreRelatedCatheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections1017 Words   |  4 Pagesacquire urinary tract infection (UTI) during their stay in hospital. Research and practice have both shown that the main cause of frequent UTI in hospital has been urethral catheter for the patients. Meddings, Reichert, Robers, Saint, Stephansky McMahon (2012) find that most (59% to 86%) hospital-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs) are catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) (p. 305). According to Dailly (2011), approximately 20 per cent of all healthcare-associated infectionsRead MoreCatheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections1763 Words   |  8 Pages Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections The purpose of this paper is to identify an issue identified by the National Council of State Boards of Nursing NCLEX examination blueprint. The identified issue that I will be addressing for this paper is catheter associated urinary tract infections and is under the category of safety and infection control; according to (INSERT NCSBN CITATION) this issue falls under the overview of safe and effective care for patients. The importance of addressingRead MoreThe Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections1191 Words   |  5 PagesCarter, Pallin, Mandel, Sinnette and Schurr (2016) conducted a qualitative study to investigate the catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) reduction practices in the emergency department (ED). These researchers clearly identified that little is understood about ED workflow and ED-specific CAUTI prevention strategies. In an effort to better understand the flow, they enrolled EDs with CAUTI prevention strategies, so they can observe the motiva tions, risk factors and strategies to addressRead MorePrevention Of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections Essay1407 Words   |  6 Pages Prevention of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections In the Healthcare Setting Dayna Menard Mount Vernon Nazarene University Prevention of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections In the Healthcare Setting A Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a serious problem in the clinical setting. â€Å"UTIs are mostly associated with catheterization† (Hooton, 2010, p. 629). The infection can be described as bacteria invading the urinary tract. More so, the bacteria accounts for nosocomialRead MoreThe Prevention Of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection1723 Words   |  7 Pagesarticles and research related methodology The articles and review are based on the prevention of Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). The aim of this literature review is to review publications concerning the management of Catheter-related to UTI s including the prevention. Articles reviewed include the various precaution and preventions concerning Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) The article evidence summarized bellow was generated using a literature search conductedRead MorePreventing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections1605 Words   |  7 Pages Preventing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections Zaahira Sidq Drexel University â€Æ' Preventing Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections Urinary tract infections are one of the most hospital-acquired infections in the country. With so much technology and evidence based practice, why is this still an ongoing problem worldwide? Could it simply be the basics of hygiene or just patient negligence? The purpose of this paper is to identify multiple studies that have been done to reduce or preventRead MoreAn Examination Of The Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection878 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Nicolle, (2014), found that the Center for Disease Control in the United States shows that the Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection constitutes the most commonly acquired infections in US, (Saint, et al. 2016). An examination of an implemented CAUTI was conducted to establish a link between perceptions of risk by healthcare providers and the potential impact they have on patient care decisions, (Wahr, et at. 2013). The Michigan Health and Hospital Association Keystone Center ofRead MorePrevention of Indwelling Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections1120 Words   |  5 Pagesto catheter associated Urinary Tract infection (CAUTI), if nurses and other assistive personnel develop an action plan with a systematic team approach of evidence-based infection control practices, compared to current practices, could it reduce or eliminate incidences of CAUTI? The precise breakdown of the PICO question follows: 1.Population of Interest-- Hospitalised patients. 2.Intervention of Interest--Develop an action plan with a systematic team approach of evidence-based infection controlRead MoreThe High Incidence Of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections1796 Words   |  8 Pagesincidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) during the patient’s admission can result in further complication and could potentially increase their hospital days. This could delay the patient’s recovery time, causing emotional and financial distress and possible death if CAUTI goes unnoticed. There are research studies focusing on the prevalence of CAUTI and all previous studies show that it is in the best interest of the patient to discontinue the Foley catheters as soon asRead MoreLiterature Review of Articles on Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection2284 Words   |  9 PagesBernard, M.S., Hunter, K.F., Moore, K.N. (2012). A review of strategies to decrease the duration of indwelling urethral catheters and potentially red uce the incidence of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. Urologic Nursing 32(1) 1) Summary of Article: A review of literature shows the length of time a catheter remains in the body is directly associated with CAUTI. 2) Research Elements: Methods were to search an electronic database using specific keywords. 3) Outcomes: No specific

Brooklyn Dodgers free essay sample

It all started at Beets Field where the Dodgers became infamous in 1 947 with the lour barrio being broken by Jackie Robinson. They suffered season after season heart breaks to the dreaded Yankees in the world series to only ultimately win Brooklyn first ever world title in 1955. The Dodgers unexpected departure in 1957 deeply devastated all of Brooklyn fans and has yet to ever forget. -Beets Field. Brooklyn, New York This historic franchise begins in the Flatfish section of Brooklyn just east of Prospect Park on Sullivan and Makeover.The Brooklyn Dodgers moved into the new home of Beets Field in the summer of 1913 on April 9th. Beets Field was more than just sworn seats and a baseball diamond; it had character Ron of its construction that its fabled residents would later enhance. Ceaselessly visionary, team owner Charlie Beets wanted a work of art for his team to play in and in several ways he succeeded. A rotunda resplendent with Italian marble, glazed brick, and a grand chandelier constructed in the shape of baseball bats and balls greeted visitors. Roman columns and arches provided the support for the grandstands. Beets field felt special inside and out. From the moment ground was first broken; Beets field was an anachronism, one that in each ensuing season would prove to be less and sees adequate. That is not to say it was not a wonderful place to watch a baseball game because it was that and much more, a glorious Globe Theater type atmosphere where the mob felt like part of the game, for its cozy dimensions and double-decked grandstands put fans almost on the field in the cramped 32,000 person stadium.Spiritually the evolution of Beets Field fell in step with the evolution of the Brooklyn baseball, franchise, which featured characters like Casey Strange and babe Herman along with classic heroes like Jack Wheat and ultimately, the boys of summer. There could be o greater emblem for the ballpark than Hilled Chester, a Brooklyn fan with a booming voice and head-ringing cowbell, who wanted nothing more than victory. By the end, B eets Field was an acquired taste for some, an annoyance for others. There was no escaping the person in the seat next to you, or the drunk a few rows down.The fans close proximity to the field, which made it possible to talk with outfielders during a pitching change and to hear voices from everywhere in the park, felt as confining as life in a brownstone with neighbors who asked too many questions. Beets field was row house street, a railroad flat, a kitchen window looking out on to a red brick wall. It was not the way people wanted to live anymore. Beets field was not built to last, and youd have to have blinders not to recognize that some sort of transition needed to be made.Compared to Brooklyn fading edifice, Wrigley Field and Fenny Park were modern mansions. Beets was a ticking clock waiting to fade away. On September 24, 1 957, the Dodgers played their last game at Beets Filed and their last game known as the Brooklyn Dodgers. Only 6,702 fans showed up to watch their beloved team take the field for one last time. Brooklyn ballpark was reborn as a 1,300-unit apartment complex called Beets Filed Apartments. -Jackie Robinson From beginning to end we root for greatness. We root for our team to do well.We root for our team to create and leave lasting memories from a dazzling defensive play o opening day to the final World Series-clinching out. In a world that can bring frustration on a daily basis we root for an investment toward bragging rights. If our team succeeds, if our guys succeed, thats something we can feel god about today, tomorrow and forever. The pinnacle of what we can root for is Jackie Robinson. Robinson is a seminal;- figure, a great player whose importance transcended his team, transcended his sport, transcended all sports.For many particularly in 1947 when he made his major league debut, Robinson was a reason to become a Dodger fan. For those who were born or made Dodger fans independent of Robinson, he is the reward for years suffering and the epitome of years of success. Robinsons story of course is only pretty when spied from certain directions, focusing from the angle of what he achieved, and that achievement represented, and the beauty and grace and power he displayed long the way. From the ugliness Of what he endured, symbolizing the most reprehensible vein of a culture, is sickening. Even after he gained relative acceptance, even after he secured his place in the major leagues and the history books, even after he could start to talk back with honesty instead of politeness, racial indignities abounded around him. Robinsons ascendancy was blow against discrimination, but far from the final one. He still played baseball in a world more successful at achieving equality on paper than in practice. For Dodger fans, there isnt a greater piece of franchise history to choice in. Jackie was a ball player. Playing nearly every position on the field over 10 seasons with an on base percentage of . 09 and slugging of . 474. He was an indispensable contributor to the Dodgers most glorious days in Brooklyn, winning 6 pennants and the franchises first World Series victory. In the end, Jackie Robinsons story might just be the greatest in the game of baseball. His highlight reel from stealing home to knocks against racism is unmatched. In a world thats all too real, Robinson encompasses everything there is to cheer for. If youre a fan of another team and you hate the Dodgers, unless you have no dignity at all, your hate stops at Robinsons feet.If your love of the Dodgers guides you home, then Robinson is your North Star. -Brooklyn First World Series Victory When the Dodgers beat their arch rivals, the New York Yankees, it was the end to the saying Wait Till next Year and the agonizing defeat the Dodgers had endured the prior years before. Brooklyn had won 4 pennants from 1947-1953 but every time fell short of the prestigious world title and fell short to the Bronx Bombers. With the start of the 1955 series no one in Brooklyn thought the Dodgers were a lock to win The World Series.In Game 1 the Yankees won 6-5 but felt in front of their 63,896 packed stadium Brooklyn anxiety. Game 2 was no different as the Yankees took a 4-2 victory and a 2-0 lead in the series. With the team reuniting back at Beets Field for game 3 the Dodgers ace, Johnny Padres, and his fastball, forestalled the potential indignity of a sweep. Game 4 was then won by the Dodgers and Duke Snipers three-run home-run seemed to be the blast that shocked the Yankees. Snipers swing followed him into game 5 where he hit two more home-runs and beat the Yankees 5-3 giving the Dodgers a 3-2 lead in the Eries.However in game 6, with the Yankees facing defeat, the Bronx Bomber rode the arm of white Ford who pitched a complete-game four- hitter. The Yankees won 5-1 and the series was all tied up leaving it to be decided in the Game 7 at Yankee Stadium. Game 7 attainted the unattainable. Here was generation of Brooklyn history in one contest. Tension, as the game was scoreless through three innings. Hope, as the Dodgers took the lead on Gill Hodges RIB single in the 4th and sacrifice fly in the 6th. But you can never count out the evil empire.The Yankees struck back in the bottom of the 6th y putting 2 runners on. Yogi Berea came up to the plate and crushed a ball down the left field line. Sandy Amorous, who entered the game that inning took Off sprinting and ran into the frame of history. With his neck tilted back and his arm fully outstretched Amorous made the catch near the left field seats and in a continuous motion pivoted off his left foot and fired the ball back to shortstop Pee-Wee Reese who relayed it to Gill Hodges to pick off Gill McDougall. It was plays like that, which created a sense that it might actually happen, a World Title.In the final inning Padres took the mound after his cigarette and got Moose Sworn out on a line drive hit to Padres. Bob Ceres fly out to Amorous gave the Dodgers 2 outs and on out away from years of misery. With Olsten Howard battling Padres, he finally grounded the ball to Pee-Wee Reese. With all of Brooklyn holding their breath Reese fired the ball to Hodges and the final out was made. The final out off the 1 955 series was recorded, and the Brooklyn Dodgers for the first time in franchise history were the Champions of the World. The 1955 season proved that the harder the journey, the sweeter the arrival. The Move out West The real story of the Dodgers move from Brooklyn to Los Angels is much more nuanced than most people realize. In 1947 Beets Filed was clearly aging, and Dodgers vice president Walter Maloney began soliciting ideas for enlarging or replacing the ballpark. In 1951, after years of research and investigation, Maloney asked to have the city help assemble land for him to purchase in Brooklyn for the building of a privately financed stadium with parking. Maloney directed his request to New York parks commissioner Robert Moses, the biggest hurdle to the Dodgers continued residence in Brooklyn.In an August 1955 letter to Maloney, Moses explained the rationale for his opposition, saying it was not in the public interest to aid the Dodgers in the quest. The only way Moses would give in is that along with a new stadium there needed to be a reasonable sensible plan for a highway, railroad terminal, traffic, street market, and relative conventional public improvements. Maloney looked at many locations in the Flatfish section of Brooklyn and primarily looked for an area with great room for parking.In a public statement, Anomaly said The public used to come to game in trolley cars, now the use automobiles. We can only park 700 cars (Beets Field). Our fans require a modern stadium- one with greater comforts, short walks, no posts, absolute protection form inclement weather, convenient rest rooms, and a self-selection first-come, first-served method of buying tickets. Maloney argued that these werent luxuries but necessities. With baseball having a heavy night schedule, its now competing with many attractions for the consumers dollar and it had better spend some money if it expects to hold its fans.Once the Dodgers won their first World Series, Maloney finally got looked at, and his vision of a dome in Brooklyn was scratching the reface. Things looked even better in April 1956 when Governor of New York, Overall Harriman raised hopes for a Brooklyn solution by signing into law the creation of the Brooklyn Sports Center Authority. But that all quickly faded when Orzo Woman became the youngest council man ever elected in Los Angels. He wrote to Major League baseball asking teams to consider moving out West. With a decade passed, and Maloney still not getting closer too new stadium in Brooklyn, Los Angels didnt look so bad. A continued snowball effect started to happen as Moses recommended that the city of Brooklyn excise the proposed stadium from the redevelopment of downtown Brooklyn. Moses did want to keep the Dodgers in Brooklyn but is idea was not in Brooklyn. Moses wanted to relocate the team to Flushing Meadows, the geographical center of Queens. Maloney said it had possibilities, but the Dodgers wouldnt be the Brooklyn Dodgers, they would be called the New York Dodgers, which did not sit well by any Brookline.Maloney looked at it as that if the Dodgers where to leave Brooklyn then Queens was no different a location then Los Angels or Dallas. Maloney wanted to keep the Dodgers in Brooklyn. A couple months followed and Maloney found himself in an open door helicopter terrified out Of his mind flying over Los Angels. Examining potential sites for a new ballpark he flew over Shaved Ravine, and his interest grew as he noticed its ample room to build and access to the freeways converging to nearby Downtown LA.With the New York Giants also closing in on a West Coast move to San Francisco it was becoming clear that the Dodgers where going to be out of New York. Maloney still favored staying in Brooklyn over any kind of move out of town, but Moses would not pull strings to make Database an available site. If its true that Maloney sought a stadium outcome that would be best for his franchise and its financial well-being, its also true that Moses stood firmly in the way of what the people of Brooklyn professed to desire.Maloney never wavered his willingness to pay for the land in Brooklyn and the stadium he would erect upon it, if only the site would be made available for purch ase. Though it was ultimately Mallets decision for the Dodgers to leave Brooklyn, Moses and other officials gave them little reason to stay. On October 8, 1 957, Maloney announced that after 68 seasons in Brooklyn, the Dodgers would be moving to Los Angels. In a move to bring baseball to all parts of the country, the Giants also decided to relocate from New York to San Francisco.The Brooklyn Dodgers played their last game at Beets Field on September 24, 1 957 and the following year, April 18, 1958, the Dodgers played their first game in Los Angels, defeating the Giants, 6-5, before 78,672 fans at the LA Coliseum. Demolition on Beets Field began on February 23, 1960 where a wrecking ball painted like a baseball fell through the visitors dug-out and crashed through millions of people hearts. Today Beets Field is a housing project with nothing left in UT a part of the exterior right field wall with Beets Field written on it.

Western European Agricultural Advances Essays -

Western European Agricultural Advances Western European Agricultural Advances Over the course of world history, there have been many factors that have changed the course of Western European history. Two of those main factors were the inventions of the chest harness for the horse and the three-field system of agriculture. The harness for the horses of the early middle ages was poorly designed and needed to be changed. The early harnesses were used around the horses neck. This led to strangulation of the horses while pulling the plow. Obviously, these early harnesses needed to be designed better to better put the use of the power and speed of the horse. This change came about in the early 900's. An invention was made that allowed the harness to be placed around the horses chest. This new invention prevented horses from being strangled, which allowed for faster plowing and greater food production. Around the same time as the chest harness' invention, medieval villagers were organizing their land into a two field system of agriculture. This system utilized one large field divided in half, one half of a field with crops and left the other half of a field was left unplanted for a year so as not to exhaust the soil. This system led to problems, because dividing the land in half led to shortages in the production of food because only half of the field was being used. This system of agriculture needed some minor adjustments to increase the production of food without destroying the soil in the process. This new system came about around the year 800. Farmers began to use a new system, the three-field system, to farm their crops. The three field system used one large field like it's earlier counterpart. The only change, was that the field was divided into three fields. Instead of only getting food from one half of your land, you could use two-thirds of the land to produce your own food. The direct result was a greater food production. Both of these agricultural inventions forever changed the course of western European history. Using the three field system allowed for the villagers to have more to eat because of the amount of food produced. They produced more of the foods that are good sources of proteins which led to decreased sickness and disease. This led to the increase in the population of Western Europe. People were now able to raise larger families. With the new and improved harnesses on the horses, horses could now plow quicker. A farmer could start farming more land quicker because of the faster plowing methods. This led to even more food being produced, also increasing the population. These two inventions, brought together, forever changed the course of European history. They increased fertile land growth, increased the population, help to try and prevent disease and sickness with better foods and increased food production tremendously.

Core competencies of Indigo Airlines Essay Essays

Core competencies of Indigo Airlines Essay Essays Core competencies of Indigo Airlines Essay Paper Core competencies of Indigo Airlines Essay Paper 1. Merely debt free company in the air power sector – It has adequate hard currency in his pool to prolong itself for another two old ages. With the sum of hard currency that indigo possesses it will certainly be one of the large participants in the low-priced infinite globally with its expected fleet size of about 100 planes by the twelvemonth 2016. Indigo’s fleet makes up about 6. 5 % of India’s combined swift size and comparing this figure with the market portion of 27. 40 % . 2. Word of Mouth A ; Repeat Customers – Indigo has barely advertised and indulged in trade name edifice activities. It spends less than 1 % of gross on selling. It is merely recently that it started to recognize the value of advertisement and launched a twosome of ads. The secret behind the huge success of the air hose is the word of oral cavity advertisement A ; repetition purchases by the clients. Indigo outperformed its challengers by set uping a difference ; it created greater value to its clients at lower monetary value. Hence. Delivering greater value allowed them to bear down higher and Greater efficiency resulted in lower norm costs. 3. Price Sensitive A ; Time Sensitive – The company achieves cost advantage through assorted procedures such as avoiding the in flight services. No free repasts. Highest no. of seats in the aircraft. Lower employees per aircraft. Lightest rider seats in India which weigh merely 12. 8 kilogram and utilizing pigment which overall weights 50 Kgs less. Indigo has broken up the occupation into little packages with clip marks and each of these is monitored. They have even turned around an aircraft in 14 proceedingss. 4. Operational Efficiency A ; Innovation- Indigo has set up a centralised operations control Centre which monitors the conditions. anticipate holds and even provides progress information to the land staff. Average age of the fleet is about 1 twelvemonth. the happening of proficient mistakes are low and therefore less care issues. Because of this Indigo has managed to accomplish high On-Time public presentation. Indigo keeps implementing new and advanced thoughts to increase the quality of client service. Recent illustration is: Indigo has rolling â€Å"check-in counters† where riders with merely cabin luggage can check-in with an Indigo functionary with a hand-held device. instead than run alonging up at the check-in counter. Calculating Success of Indigo Airlines ( Load Factor ) â€Å"Indigo has reported a Load Factor of 75. 7 % when the Industry’s norm was 65. 6 % † * Load factor represents the proportion of air hose end product that is really consumed. To cipher burden factor. split RPMs by ASMs * RPM ( Revenue Passenger Miles ) – It is calculated by spliting rider gross by available place stat mis * ASM ( Available Seat Miles ) -One aircraft place flown one stat mi. whether occupied or non. For example-An aircraft with 200 rider seats. wing a distance of 200 stat mis. generates 40. 000 available place stat mis.

All About the Periodic Table

All About the Periodic Table The periodic table of the elements is one of the most important tools used by chemists and other scientists because it summarizes useful information about the chemical elements in a format that shows relationships between the elements. Get Your Own Periodic Table You can find the periodic table in any chemistry textbook, plus there are apps for referring to the table from your phone. However, sometimes its nice to be able to have one open on your computer, to  save one to your desktop, or to print one off. Printed periodic tables are great because you can mark them up and not worry about ruining your book. Use Your Periodic Table A tool is only as good as your ability to use it! Once you are familiar with the way the elements are organized, you can locate them more quickly, get information from the periodic table, and draw conclusions about the properties of elements based on their location on the table. Periodic Table History Many people consider Dmitri Mendeleev to be the Father of the Modern Periodic Table. Mendeleevs table was slightly different from the table we use today in that his table was ordered by increasing atomic weight and our modern table is ordered by increasing atomic number. However, Mendeleevs table was a true periodic table because it organizes the elements according to recurring trends or properties. Get to Know the Elements Of course, the periodic table  is all about the elements. The elements are identified by the number of protons in an atom of that element. Right now, youll see 118 elements on the periodic table, but as more elements are discovered, another row will be added to the table. Quiz Yourself Because its necessary to know what the periodic table is and how to use it, you can expect to be tested about it from grade school pretty much until the end of time. Before your grade is on the line, probe your strengths and weaknesses with online quizzes. You might even have fun!

Integrated and Interdependent Global Economy Essay

Integrated and Interdependent Global Economy - Essay Example It not only saves time, energy and money, but also induces overall growth to the economy. It is not one country that will be benefitted, but all the countries who are involved in the bilateral trade will be immensely benefitted from the same.   Globalization has made a major impact on the world economies. The shift has been mainly towards a more integrated and interdependent economy. Here the market and the production unit must be merged together to give an integrated effect. Also, the geographical factor has been considered when this interdependency aspect has been implemented. This is a good concept because the economy has been merged to source the local services and products and make it available to the huge global market and also to take advantage of the individual national distinctiveness and the other factors of production like energy, land, capital, and labor.   In this perspective, the matter of outsourcing refers to the concept of sharing of the production and service operations in an overseas country and also it helps in hiring the employees in a different location rather than employing the people in-house. The processes and functions, which   are being outsourced most often, are supply chain by 36%, learning - training by 31%, information technology by 43%, finance and accounting by 21%, human resources by 25% and customer relationship management by 13%.   The free trade generates gains for all the countries which take part in the system of free trade, but as the factor of globalization moves throughout the U.S. financial system, many people dispute the effect of outsourcing on the jobs they hold.

Explain the growth in the concentration of media ownership around the Assignment

Explain the growth in the concentration of media ownership around the world - Assignment Example Founded and headquartered in Australia, the company now boasts of being the number one newspaper publisher in the world, with a cumulative daily readership of 14 million in these three countries alone. Murdoch has a near monopoly in the media space in Australia, owning two-thirds of all newspaper circulation in the country. Across the Tasman Sea, in New Zealand, he owns nearly half. Further, he is the owner of two fifths of the Australian Associated Press. (Knowlton & Parsons, 2005, p. 200) These holdings are notwithstanding his considerable market share in Britain and the United States. These statistics bear testimony to the Murdoch’s media monopoly. Between the lines one can read the dangers posed by monopoly in an industry that is crucial to socio-cultural discourse. One of the negative consequences of media concentration is that it nullifies ethical standards of journalism. News Corp’s official Standards of Business Conduct (SBC) document makes some bold claims. But the company’s actual behaviour is contradictory to these claims. For example, in the area of building trust with business partners and customers, it claims that trust and integrity are of utmost importance. The manner in which the company actually functions makes a mockery of these ethical concerns. There are several instances where News Corp had colluded with political organizations to attain favourable deals. One of the first instances of News Corp’s opportunistic use of political connections came to light in1995. Murdoch struck a book deal with the then House Speaker of the United States Congress Newt Gingrich for a substantial sum of $4.5 million. The ethical problem was obvious in this case. Murdoch, who was even at that time an influential and trans-global media personality, owned a newspaper chain and several television stations. He stood to gain enormously through the relationship with the Speaker. It was only after severe public

Medicare and Medicaid Cuts Essay Example for Free

Medicare and Medicaid Cuts Essay The debate on health care spending has been highly contested and remains the top most agenda on the Obama administration. The U. S government has been pursuing effective health care reforms for quite a long period of time. Focus has been on developing a plan that reduces government spending on heath and home care reimbursements while increasing the regard for insurance cover. An important aspect of these reforms is the reduction in budgetary spending on Medicare and Medicaid programs (Meena, et al. 006). President Obama in 2009 announced the $ 313 reduction in Medicaid and Medicare efficiencies as a move to accomplish the proposed savings essential for facilitating the administration’s heath-care plan. Currently, the cut on Medicare reimbursements paid for health care access costs by psychiatric patients, the elderly and the disabled stands at about 21%. In justifying these cuts, the U. S government points out that the funds would be less essential in the light of a new health care reform. However, at the current economic status and the increasingly declining rates of hospital revenues, this move has resulted into the rationing of medical and home care services, high payroll taxes, and closure of departments and hospitals. According to a study conducted by the American Hospital Association (AHA) regarding these cuts, about one in every five hospitals have already reduced a number of health care services such as outpatient services, post-acute care and behavioural health; as they have had to reduce overhead costs resulting from the cuts (Shen, 2003). These cuts will affect millions of people especially seniors, military families and the disabled who depend greatly on Medicare. This is because accessibility to physician help will be minimized. In support of medical practitioners, The American Medical Association (AMA) argues against these cuts on the basis that they are derived through an unreliable method of determining the physicians’ reimbursements and which according to them ought to be reviewed. It is imperative to also note that the effects of these cuts are being transferred to the public through increased insurance costs. Effects on Access, Cost and Quality of Psychiatric Care There is evidence that patient’s access to health and home care has been increasingly diminishing in the past few years and even got worse following the recent 21% Medicare cuts. Physicians argue that this has been prompted by the increased costs in the provision of medical care services due to the reimbursement cuts. For instance, by the year 2005, medical care provision costs had been projected to be about 40% more than the in 1991 (White, Dranove 1998). In 2008, about $ 879 million was spent by hospitals in Michigan in subsiding services for the patients affected by the cuts. There have also been care rationing, reduction in provision of vital medical services and closure of hospital departments has been prevalent. This means that access to heath care services by concerned individuals has reduced significantly. A number of medical practitioners have been forced to stop providing psychiatric services to patients due to high overhead costs (Meena, et al. 2006). The reduced Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements have made it impossible for psychiatrists to effectively provide care to long-term-care clients as well. There are reports of psychiatrists declining to provide consultation services in nursing homes as result of the lower rates of Medicaid and Medicare reimbursements received. According to the chair of the Geriatric Psychiatry committee for the Maryland Psychiatric Society, Allan Anderson, the cuts are a drawback to the willingness of the psychiatrists to provide care for the Medicare-based patients (Mulligan, 2002). Geriatric patients currently are underserved. Psychiatrists argue that due to a reduced access to psychiatric care such in cases demanding early interventions, most psychiatric patients are ending up complications. Doctors note that the cuts make it difficult for them to meet the requirements of their practice such as administrative issues and thus end up restricting their caseloads on Medicare. Currently, Medicaid does not take responsibility of the complete co pay for patients on both the Medicaid and Medicare and this has made a number of clinics to close to avoid the extra burden of absorbing the costs of treating these patients. For instance, Minnesota’s Mayo Clinic incurred a loss of about $ 34. 2 million in years 2002 and 2003 due to these cuts and it is such losses that are pushing clinics to close down minimizing access to health acre even more. Access to healthcare for the Medicare patients is increasingly becoming expensive and complicated given that the ability to pay currently determines this access (White, Dranove 1998). Most heath facilities have had to cut down on their provisions of vital services that the seniors, the metal disabled and the military personnel within the community rely on to protect their bottom lines. Affected patients are being forced to skip visits to hospitals and this has prompted the providers to restrict access through costs. Impact on Psychiatrists and Other Medical and Home Care Providers A study of about 14,000 anaesthologists and surgeons indicate that most medical care providers will change their practice thus jeopardizing health care provision. A third of those studied said they will cease to practice as Medicare psychiatrists. This will adversely affect their quality of life. Practical challenges are forcing the providers to halt providing some Medicare related services, cutback on staff, minimize time allocated for Medicare patients and/or halt further purchase of equipments essential for serving such patients (Konetzka, et al. 2005). This will limit the doctor’s practice adversely. Some medical and home care providers have been forced to quit their practice following the high overhead resulting from the high costs incurred in attending to Medicare patients. Hospitals are being forced to resize on Medicare patients’ staff since hospitals have had to absorb care costs. Individual practitioners are more affected. Reimbursements cuts are prompting hospitals to focus on other non-reimbursement-dependent care services while closing down departments as well as cutting back on services to enable hospitals protect their bottom lines. This trend is prevalent even in community hospitals. In this regards, hospitals and home care provision establishments have had to reduce the number of practitioners providing these services and hence most are on the verge of losing their jobs should the cuts continue as anticipated (Mulligan, 2002). This implies that the government will only be solving on problem while creating multitude of others such unemployment. Many hospitals have also resulted in freezing of workers’ salaries and hence compromising their motivation. Impact on Taxpayers According to Randall (2009), the 2005’s 3 % reimbursement cut resulted into a $ 49 billion in terms of cost on permanent reforms. Currently, the Medicare reimbursement cut stands at 21% at a reform cost of about $ 210 billion. Medicare and Medicaid programs are funded by pay roll taxes. According to the health care reform bill, there will be an expansion of the pay roll tax associated with the Medicare to cover unearned income. It is projected that beginning year 2018; insurance firms will be required to pay an excise tax of about 40% for plans where family premiums range from $ 27, 500 and above (Sam, 2006). Experts note that these payroll tax effects will be transferred to employees in terms of lowers wages and benefits or in terms of higher premiums. This comes at a time when the government is focused on laying strict measure to ensure that people have health insurance. Further, it is also projected that from year 2013, adjustable spending accounts which currently enable users to skip various expenses on health care, will reduced or limited. In regards to the high income earning population, families earning in excess of $ 250, 000 will be required to spend way above what they spend currently on medical payroll taxes. Moreover, the now exempt unearned income will also be subjected to 3. 8 percent in payroll taxes. Individuals and families are definitely feeling the weight of these Medicaid and Medicare cuts through increased payroll taxes. This is because the federal government is focusing on insurances an alterative to help patients meet their health care costs. A 2005study by the Kaiser Family Foundation on employer health benefits indicates that family coverage premiums had increased by an average of about 9. 2 percent (Sam, 2006). Health insurance expenses have made it costly to employees as they are subjected to deductions for the same. At the same time, the mean per month contribution by employees on family plans increased to $ 226 in year 2005 form 2000’s $135. These are some of the costs that the citizens are bearing at the expense of the reduction in Medicare and Medicaid cuts.

Fort Pillow Attack :: essays papers

Fort Pillow Attack THE GRAND FABRICATION It is almost as difficult to find consistent information about the incident at Fort Pillow as it is to determine the moral significance of its outcome. Scholars disagree about exactly what transpired on April 12, 1864 at Fort Pillow, when General Nathan Bedford Forrest captured the fort with his 1,500 troops and claimed numerous Union lives in the process (Wyeth 250). It became an issue of propaganda for the Union, and as a result the facts were grossly distorted. After close examination it is clear that the  ³Fort Pillow Massacre ² (as it became known by abolitionists) was nothing of the sort. The 1,500 troops under the command of General Nathan Bedford Forrest acted as men and as soldiers in their capture of Fort Pillow. It is first necessary to understand what happened in the battle before any judgment can be made. A careful study performed by Dr. John Wyeth revealed the following information: from April 9-11, 1864, troops under the command of Ben McCulloch, Tyree Harris Bell, and Brig. General James Chalmers marched non-stop to Fort Pillow to begin their assault under the command of General Nathan Bedford Forrest. Confederate sharpshooters claimed the lives of several key Union officers during the morning assault on the fort. The losses included the commanding officer Major Loinel F. Booth, and his second in command shortly after that. These losses created a complete breakdown of order and leadership among the Union troops within the fort. (251) During the morning engagement, the gun boat the New Era was continually attempting to shell the Confederate forces from the Mississippi, but with minimal success. The Union forces fought back heartily until around one o ¹clock in the afternoon, when both sides slowed down. Around that time the New Era steamed out of range to cool its weapons. It had fired a total of 282 rounds, and its supplies were almost totally exhausted. During this hiatus in the firing, while Confederate troops waited for supplies that would arrive around three o ¹clock, Forrestwas injured when his horse fell on him after being mortaily wounded (252). When the supplies arrived, Confederate troops under a flag of truce delivered a message from Forrest that said,  ³My men have received a fresh supply of ammunition, and from their present position can easily assault and capture the fort, ² (253). Forrest demanded  ³the unconditional surrender of the garrison, ² promising

Lord of the flies writing assignment

They were reported issuing a month ago on Tuesday July 21st, after a plane supposedly â€Å"dropped† them off at a Remote Island. No one hasn't really heard of them since, but Police from all over Canada, the United States, Mexico, and the UK has been looking for these boys. Officials say that some sailors have found them on an island, which was smoking. Around 2-3 boys have been reported dead; the names have not been released as yet. â€Å"We found shelter, and got some food† 8 year old Sam, a younger boy rescued from the island. â€Å"Some of the boys were rude to other boys but they solved some of their problems† 8 ear old Eric said.Now the big question is what happened on the island? â€Å"On that island, have been some really traumatizing events. Some have lost their lives on that island, but most survived. There have been some really awful conflicts but thankfully reality saved us. † 12 year old Ralph said. ‘We were civilized at one point in ti me but we got out of hand, but I'm glad that's all over and that we can move on in our lives. † 12 year old Jack told us. All the boys are safe home now and officers are going back to the island to investigate and find the lost boys.

Critical Review of Greasy Lake

When I began reading â€Å"Greasy Lake† by T. Coraghessan Boyle, I thought these boys were exhibiting typical behavior of young-adult men and their behavior led them to trouble. Boyle kept my interest by anticipation and disgust at the boys of the boy’s behavior in this story. The narrator, who is the main character of the story, often describes himself and his friends as â€Å"bad characters† and this becomes more convincing in the story. Boyle also used Greasy Lake at not only the setting for this story but also as a character. He described the lake as â€Å"fetid and murky, the mud banks glittering with broken glass and strewn with beer cans and the charred remains of bonfires. † Greasy Lake is used as a symbol for the youth culture itself in the story and is littered by alcohol, sex and violence. When the boys first came across the greasy man at the lake, their attitudes change for a moment, all three of them are scared. When they began to fight with the man, the narrator grabbed the tire iron out of fear. Once the three of them beat him up and knock him unconscious, I think this only increased their already arrogant attitudes. When they attempt to rape the greasy man’s lady companion, I think that shows how truly pathetic each of them are, acting like â€Å"deranged brothers†. In a very disturbing way, the boys were asserting a primal physical dominance over the woman. I think Boyle’s was sending a message that there are consequences for our actions. Even though kids tend to think they’re big and bad and have it all figured out, these once cocky boys quickly became horrified once they had to face the consequences of their actions. I personally enjoyed reading â€Å"Greasy Lake† very much. The language in the story Boyle used is crude and literal, but it goes with the theme of â€Å"badness† portrayed by his characters. Boyle emphasizes the corruption of the lake by using it as a not only the setting, but also as tool to compare the narrator and the youth of the time. In the beginning, the narrator is as corrupted as the lake; though born pure and â€Å"clear† he becomes tainted by the â€Å"beer† and wildness of his culture. By ending with the beaten narrator and his friend refusing drugs and driving home, Boyle left me with a sense of for the boys that they are not really â€Å"bad characters† after all. The narrator has realized the consequences of his actions, and that he can no longer act invincible.

Using the Spanish Verb Venir

Using the Spanish Verb Venir Venir is a common Spanish verb with a variety of meanings. Fortunately, many of them can be translated using the English verb to come, which also has numerous meanings. Venir is a cousin of English -vent words such as invent and convent as well of venue and venire (a legal term). Keep in mind that venir  is conjugated irregularly, having forms such as vengo (I come) and vendrn (they will come). Using Venir To Refer to Coming From a Place Most commonly, venir is used to talk about coming to or arriving at a place: Cuando yo vine a California fui a Disneylandia. (When I came to California, I went to Disneyland.)Venimos en bus con un maestro y pagamos por nuestro transporte. (We came by bus with a teacher and paid for our own transportation.)Tenà ­a sà ³lo un aà ±o cuando vino desde Espaà ±a. (He was only a year old when he came from Spain.) ¡Ven aquà ­! (Come here!)No vienen hasta las 14.30. (They arent coming until 2:30 p.m.) In context, venir can convey the idea of coming back or returning: No vengas a mà ­. (Tà ­tulo de cancià ³n) (Dont come back to me. (song title))Es importante que vengas temprano. (Its important you come back early.) Using Venir To Point Out Qualities Venir can mean to include, to be, or to have, often in a way that can be translated by to come: El primer iPad no viene con webcam. (The first iPad doesnt come with (include) a webcam.)Estas bicicletas vienen de Surinam. (These bicycles are (come) from Suriname.)El à ºnico que viene con excusas eres tà º. (The only one who comes with (has) excuses is you.)Las servilletas vienen en distintos tamaà ±os. (The napkins come (are) in different sizes.)Viene en caja sellada. (It comes (is) in a sealed box.) Especially when used with bien or mal, venir can be used to indicate suitability: No ser muy famoso me viene bien. (Not being very famous is fine with me.)A ningà ºn paà ­s le viene mal la globalizacià ³n. (Globalization doesnt serve any country poorly.)Al libro le venà ­a bien la promocià ³n. (The promotion was good for the book.) Using Venir With a Gerund Venir can be used as an auxiliary verb with the gerund (also known as the present participle) to indicate a continuing action, often in an increasingly intense way. Hace mucho tiempo que se viene hablando de la necesidad de una nueva constitucià ³n. (The need for a new constitution has been talked about and talked about for a long time.)El presidente viene sufriendo derrota tras derrota. (The president continues to suffer defeat after defeat.)El chofer del camià ³n venà ­a hablando por telà ©fono. (The truck driver kept on talking on a telephone.)   Using Venirse The reflexive form, venirse, like the standard form, can mean to come from a place. But it places more emphasis on where the thing or person has come from. La rumba se vino de Miami. (The rumba came from Miami. La rumba vino de Miami might be translated the same way, but making the verb reflexive calls extra attention to Miami, perhaps because the fact of the sentence may be surprising.)Los turistas se vienen de otros paà ­ses. (The tourists are coming from other countries.)Necesitaremos agua por quà © nos venimos del desierto. (We will need water because we are coming from the desert.) The reflexive can also suggest that the verbs action was sudden or unexpected: Era lo primero que se vino a cabeza. (It was the first thing that came to mind.)Otra hipà ³tesis es que el puente se vino abajo por la fragilidad de sus pilares. (Another theory is that the bridge came down because of the fragility of its pillars.)Los vientos se vinieron de un solo golpe. (The winds came suddenly in a single blow.) Key Takeaways Venir can usually be translated as to come, whether it is used to mean coming from a place or to have a certain quality.Venir can be used with gerunds to indicate continuous action.The reflexive venirse can be used to emphasize the origins of where someone is coming from or to emphasize the suddenness of an action.

Lesson Plan on Present Perfect and Past Simple

Lesson Plan on Present Perfect and Past Simple The switch between the present perfect and the past simple is one of the most challenging aspects for English learners. There are a few reasons for this: Students use a language - such as German, French or Italian - which uses its version of the past simple and the present perfect interchangeably.Students find the difference between specific past experience (past simple) and general experience (present perfect) difficult.Students speak a language in which tense usage is much more loose such as Japanese. This lesson focuses on the switch by first narrowing the choices down to either the present perfect or the past simple. It asks students to first ask questions about general experience with ever and then drill down to the specifics with question words such as where, when, why etc. Aim Becoming more proficient in switching between the present perfect and the past simple Activity Number 1 Asking about experiences # 2 Writing about experiences Level Lower-intermediate to intermediate Outline Begin the lessons by speaking about your own experiences in a general way. Be careful not to give any details about these experiences. In other words, keep to the present perfect. I find topics such as travel, education, and hobbies work well. For example: Ive been to many countries in my life. Ive traveled in Europe and Ive visited France, Germany, Italy, and Switzerland. Ive also driven a lot in the United States. In fact, Ive driven through almost 45 states. Ask students to ask you questions about the specifics of some of your adventures. You may need to model this. However, students will hopefully be able to catch on fast and keep to the past simple. On the board, create a timeline showing past to present with some of your adventures. Put question marks above the general statements, specific dates above specific statements. Point out the difference between the two. You can use the ​tense time charts on this site as well. Introduce the question Have you ever ... for general experience. Review information questions in the past simple to focus on specific experiences. Model a few question-and-answer exchanges with students switching between Have you ever... followed by information questions When did you ..., Where did you ..., etc. when students answer in the affirmative.   Have students complete exercise one with partners or in small groups.   Moving around the class, listen to these conversations helping when necessary. To continue, ask students to fill in the worksheet following the example provided. Move around the room making sure students are switching between the present perfect and the simple past in writing. Exercise 1 Use the present perfect with Have you ever... to ask your classmates questions. When your partner answers yes, follow-up with information questions in the past simple. For example: Student 1: Have you ever been to China?Student 2: Yes, I have.Student 1: When did you go there?Student 2: I went there in 2005.Student 1: Which cities did you visit?Student 2: I visited Beijing and Shanghai. buy a new cartravel in a foreign countryplay football / soccer / tennis / golfwork in a large companyfly over the oceaneat something that made you sickstudy a foreign languagelose your money, wallet, or purseeat snailsplay an instrument Exercise 2 Write a few sentences on each of these topics. First, begin with a sentence using the present perfect. Next, write a sentence or two giving specific details. For example: I have learned three languages in my life. I studied German and Italian when I was in college. I also learned French when I visited the country for a three-month French language program in 1998.   Hobbies I have learnedPlaces I have visitedCrazy food I have eatenPeople I have metStupid things I have boughtSubjects I have studied

Determination of nitrogen dioxide content of the atmosphere Lab Report

Determination of nitrogen dioxide content of the atmosphere - Lab Report Example Apparatus include sampling probe, absorber, gas drying tube, air-metering device, thermometer, manometer, air pump, spectrophotometer, and stopwatch. Reagent grade chemicals have been used. Water free from nitrite and deionized according to specification D 1193 for type I or II reagent water has been used. Anhydrous sulfanilic acid has been used as the absorbing reagent, N-(1-Naphthyl)-Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride stock solution (0.1 percent), Sodium Nitrite standard solution (0.0246 g/L) and NO2 permeation device were reagents and materials that were used in the experiment. 5.0012 g of anhydrous sulfanilic acid was dissolved in 1 L of water containing 140 mL glacial acetic acid. The process was gently heated to speed up the process. 20 mL of the of N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride 0.1 % stock solution and 10 mL acetone were added, and diluted to 1 L. 0.1 g of the reagent was dissolved in 100 mL water.Calibration and StandardizationThe flowmeter was calibrated using practice D 3195. The gas meter was calibrated using test method D 1071. Standardization was based on observation. 0.82 mol of NaNO2 produced the same color as 1 mol NO2. 1 mL working standard solution contains 24.6 Â µg NaNO2. The amount of NO2 given by (24.6/69.1)x(46.0/0.82), which is 20 Â µg NO2. Standard conditions of 101 kPa and 25C were taken, and the molar gas volume was 24.47L (ASTM International 3). Graduated amounts of NaNO2 solution were added to a series of 25mL volumetric flasks up to 1 mL.

Predicting the development of Anorexia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Predicting the development of Anorexia - Essay Example The present study aims to identify the possible correlation between different adult attachment styles to the vulnerability of developing eating disorders. The susceptibility of developing anorexia is higher among the insecure attached people than those secure attached. Attachment relationships remain important throughout the life. While female adolescent and young adult are most likely affected by anorexia the vulnerability may vary across attachment styles. A group of 50 female patients aged 18-30, who fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for typical anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa will be studied. They will undergo an interview to assess their attachment styles by using the relationship questionnaire (RQ) created by Bartholomew and Horowitz. Pearson correlation analyses will be performed afterwards to calculate the correlation among the variables. The results may be useful in risk assessment. Eating disorders are one of the most common forms of mental health problem and are associated with increased risk to life. The most common mental health problems in clinical practice are depression, eating disorders and anxiety disorders. The mortality rate is very high for eating disorders. Anorexia, when it is simply a physical symptom, can be caused by a range of problems, not necessarily psychological, which is why when it is part of an eating disorder, it is often called anorexia nervosa, in order to distinguish it. The overwhelming majority of people with eating disorders are heterosexual women. An estimated 10 per cent of all cases of eating disorders are male. A very interesting case in point is the study of anorexia in Hong Kong by Lee (2001: 40-54). Usually anorexia nervosa is associated with the fear of getting fat. This is an important feature of the differential diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV (DSM IV) for anorexia. The prevalence of eating disorde rs in young women in Hong Kong and other high-income cities are on the rise. Their earlier study revealed that the prevalence of disordered eating in Hong Kong is related to body dissatisfaction, family dysfunction, and depression in the adolescent females. Chinese adolescent females demonstrate Western pattern of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes. The psychosocial vulnerability factors are closely linked with it, and in the coming time, the authors predicted, there would be more weight control behavior and eating disorders (Lee and Lee, 1996). In their study in 2000, they commented that societal modernization is the cause of it (Lee and Lee, 2000). Another interesting feature is that they had no fear of getting fat, but they refused food in order to express their worries or to assert themselves in the family (Lee, 2001). Thus self-evaluation has a role to play in these disorders. Aim The present study aims at identifying the possible correlation between different adult styles of attachment to the risk of developing eating disorders. Objectives Thus far, the therapeutic measures available for eating disorders are inadequate. Better interventions are possible if the mechanism is delineated further. If a correlation between these eating disorders and attachment style in the adulthood is established, then

Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Marketing Communications - Essay Example This not only allowed compliance with the marketing plans, but also succeeded in directly addressing the issue of consumer behaviour. This study emphasizes on the strategic significance of communication and the long term effect on the consumers. In this study, one of the biggest telecommunication companies of UK, O2, has been chosen to evaluate its communication mix. In addition, a comparative study between O2 and one of its arch rivals, Vodafone, has also been carried out. The key findings were that both O2 and Vodafone use almost all the elements of communication mix, except direct and personal selling. Although, it has been found that Vodafone is currently enjoying a better position in the market with its strong promotions and better plans, but the study has also shown that O2 has the potential to outshine Vodafone. In this context, the company can use its wide range of offerings to compete with Vodafone. One of the major limitations of the study was that it has been able to carry out secondary research only. It is believed that some kind of primary research along with this would have increased its credibility. Table of Contents 2 Introduction 4 Competition between two Brands 5 Literature Review 8 Market Overview 10 Research Methodology 11 Analysis and Discussion 11 Conclusions & Recommendations 17 Appendix 19 Introduction This paper looks into the marketing strategies of O2 and presents an evaluative study of the current strategies adopted by the company in contrast to its competitor, Vodafone. However, prior to that, brief overview of both the companies will be presented. O2 Telefonica UK Limited, commonly known as O2, is a UK based Telecommunication Company and is owned by Telefonica. The company is considered as the second largest telecommunication company of UK, right after Vodafone. O2 is presently headquartered at Slough, Berkshire, United Kingdom. It was founded in the year 1983 and Cellnet was its predecessor. Apart from the telecommunication servic es, the company also operates in financial service industry and internet service providing industry. Ronan Dunne serves as the present CEO of the company. Since his takeover from the previous CEO, the company has managed to do very well and has also succeeded in maintaining high revenue. O2 offers 2G, 3G and 4G services across the country and in some other parts of Europe. Furthermore, along with the wireless services, the company is proactive in fixed line services as well. The company uses its name as the logo and tries to portray an image where it acts as oxygen to the consumers with its name O2. The company is also active in the fields of charity and for that, it has tied up with groups. One of them is Academy Music Group. Partnering with them, the company has established O2 academy. Vodafone Vodafone Group is a telecommunications company based in London (Vodafone, n.d.). The company has the registered office in Berkshire. The company has influential operations in the internatio nal market and occupies the position of the third-largest mobile telecommunications company, after China Mobile and Singtel in terms of total number of subscribers (Celtnet, 2013). In June 2011, the company had 381.72 million subscribers (Rediff, 2011). The company has expanded its operations in more than thirty countries. Additionally, it has network of business partners in more than forty countries, apart

Environmental Noise Management Plan

Environmental Noise Management Plan Environmental Noise Management Plan for a proposed Outdoor Music Event University of Derby Online Learning, University of Derby, UK Iwona Typek- Ryszka 100381110 This Noise Management Plan has been completed to regulate the potential noise issue during proposed three days outdoor music event. The objective of this plan is to provide control measures to prevent noise impact on the local residents during the event and to ensure that balance is achieved between providing good entertainment and controlling potential adverse effect of noise pollution. (Legislation.gov.uk, 1996) 2.1. Site details The outdoor music festival is intended to operate over a 3-day weekend period and it will be held at the Hainault Forest Country Park, Romford Rd, Chigwell, London IG7 4QL. Live music is proposed to be performed from the main stage and the secondary stage. There also will be two Dub music marquees. 2.2. Operational hours The following operational hours are understood to be representative for main and acoustic stages over the entire duration of the festival: Main and secondary stages will play live music on: Friday, Saturday and Sunday from 12:00 to 23:00. The two marquee tents will play dub music on: Friday and Saturday from 12.00hrs to 02.00hrs Sunday from 12.00hrs to 24.00hrs. 2.3. Additional venues Additional venues will be available for guests: Adjacent camping area capable of holding up to 200 tents Onsite bar and refreshments area Car park area capable of holding up to 500 cars 3.1. The maximum Music Noise Level for main and secondary stages with live music The usual noise level for outdoor festival has been described as energy averaging (LAeq,T) 98 decibels (dB) measured at the concert mixer position about 40m from the main loudspeaker and at a height of 10m to 15m in the audience area (Colthurst and Fisher, 2011). Organisers will set the maximum noise level to (LAeq,T) 95 decibels (dB) to allow margin for error. This must not be exceed over 15-minute period during the entire event (Sound Solution Consultants Ltd, 2010). Maximum Noise Level set in The Code of Practice are shown in table 3.1.1. This guidance is set for events which finish before 23:00h. For events carry on beyond 23:00h, guidance recommendation is that the music noise should not be audible within noise-sensitive premises with windows open in a typical manner for ventilation (Noise Council, 1995 p.7). Reggae festival will more likely fit into category other urban or rural venues so a 15 minute Leq of 65 dB(A) is the guideline limit. Concert Days/Calendar Year/Venue Venue Category Guideline 1 to 3 Urban Stadia or Arenas The MNL should not exceed 75 dB(A) over a 15 minute period 1 to 3 Other Urban and Rural Venues The MNL should not exceed 65 dB(A) over a 15 minute period 4 to 12 All Venues The MNL should not exceed the background noise level by more than 15 dB(A) over a 15 minute period *dB(A) the A-weighted sound pressure level weighted to reflect the way the human ear responds to different frequencies (Noise Council, 1995). Table 1. The maximum Music Noise Level (MNL) where the MNL is expressed as a Leq (Adapted from the Noise Council, 1995 p.6). 3.2. The maximum Music Noise Level for the noise sensitive areas The World Health Organisations (WHO) Guidelines for Community Noise document says that for outdoor living area noise levels of 55 dB LAeq cause serious annoyance during daytime and evening. The noise levels of 45dB LAeq (measured from outside) cause sleep disturbance to residence. The Guidelines recommends an internal LAeq of 30dB for optimal sleep conditions (and no more than 35dB for internal rooms during daytime). Organisers will set maximum noise level to 45dB LAeq (measured from outside) for operational hours of 12:00- 23:00 and 30dB LAeq (measured from outside) for event which carry on beyond 23:00. 4.1. Characteristic of reggae music The drums and bass guitar play significant role in reggae music and attention is drawn to low frequencies (En.wikipedia.org, 2017). This type of noise will travel substantially further, and it can easily pass through the barriers and structures. (Colthurst and Fisher, 2011). 4.2. Local Geography and Topography Hainault Forest Country Park is large park located in Greater London, which combines woodland and open space. This is a rural area and is relatively flat (Redbridge.gov.uk, 2017).The festival is planned on the open field which allows sound to travel without interference (Everest and Pohlmann, 2009). 4.3. Noise sensitive areas The closest noise sensitive receptors to the proposed festival site are summarised below: Receptor 1 Properties located at Lambourne End, approximately 1.33 km to the north of the proposed festival venue. Receptor 2 Properties located at Chingwell Row, approximately 1.45km to the west of the proposed festival venue. Receptor 3 Newly built housing development located behind a golf club, approximately 1.3 km to the south of the proposed festival venue. Receptor 4 Houses located alongside Romford Rd. approximately 1.3km to the south-west of the proposed festival venue. Picture 1. Location of noise sensitive areas 4.4. Noise Sources Main noise sources for the reggae festival have been identified as follow: Amplified music (recorded and live) Sound systems Sound checks Car parking and camping and bar area Departing patron noise The build and break down 4.5. Noise controls put before the event 4.5.1. Background Noise Survey The background noise, also known as ambient noise is defined as unwanted or harmful outdoor sound created by human activities, including noise emitted by means of transport road traffic, rail traffic, air traffic and from sites of industrial activity (The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union, 2002). There is no doubt that large music events may cause disturbance to local neighbourhood due to high powered amplification involved. Therefore there is a need to complete a background noise survey before the event, to predict noise emission levels, and to ensure the health and welfare of those who live nearby is maintained (Noise Council, 1995). Background noise survey will be undertaken end of April 2017 to determine background noise level at the mixer location and in the noise sensitive areas. Weather will be taken into account, as wind speed and direction or temperature may influence the transmission of sound. (Colthurst and Fisher, 2011). 4.5.2. Acoustic consultant Fully qualified and registered acoustic consultant will be employed by festival organisers to help with event planning, to complete noise survey and monitor noise levels throughout the event. (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.16) 4.5.3. Communication arrangements The communication network between the team members involved in noise monitoring will be established via handheld radios (Noise Council, 1995 p. 11). There will be hot line step up where local residents could use to complain about noise level. The hotline will be open for whole duration of the event. All complaints will be logged, investigated and remedial action will be taken. Log will be kept to demonstrate compliance (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.17) 4.5.4. Public relations 3 months before the event, first briefing note will be delivered to the noise sensitive premises, informing neighbours that the concerts will take place and advising them about the precautions taken to minimise noise impact. The second note will be delivered to the residents no later than 2 weeks before the event. This note will remind them about the festival, asking for their tolerance and providing a telephone number for the noise complaint hot-line where someone responsible can be contacted in case of any problems. (Noise From Open Air Events Guidance for Applicants, 2014, p. 10) 4.5.5. Sound preparation tests and set ups Sound propagation tests will be carried out at the day of the event to ensure that sound levels are correct and meet the targets. (Noise From Open Air Events Guidance for Applicants, 2014, p. 10) The weather condition on the days of the event also will be taken to consideration and level of noise will be correctly adjusted to meet specified criteria. To avoid unnecessary disturbances to the local residents, sound propagation tests will be carried out no earlier than at 10am. (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.12) 4.5.6. Sound system Circuit speakers system will be adopted for the main event stage. This system will help minimise noise level by positioning several low powered speakers around the audience. The system will be used instead of two large banks of speakers on either side of the stage. (Noise From Open Air Events Guidance for Applicants, 2014, p. 8) Loudspeakers will be positioned away from the noise sensitive areas properties in Chigwell Row and development near Romford Rd (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.13). Loudspeakers will be directed onto the area where audience will be, to avoid over-spill into the surrounding area (Soundadvice.info, 2017). The roof will be placed on the main and secondary stages to help to decrease the noise exposure outside the stage (Asselineaut et al., 2010). There will be no speakers positioned outside of two Dub Shacks and speakers located inside the tents will be positioned downwards, away from any doors. Several small speakers will installed to ensure an even distribution of sound (Sound Licensing Limited, 2015). Sound engineer will be strictly responsible for controlling the low frequency level of the music (bass) as its causes the most nuisance to local residents (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.12). 4.5.7. Rules for car park, comping area, bar and refreshment area The car park and the camping areas will be strictly monitored during and after licensable hours to avoid any unnecessary noise e.g. recorded and live music. Use of Portable PA systems and car stereos will be strictly prohibited in the car park and camping site. Patrons will be informed about this rule before entry to the site and on entrance to the site. This will be communicated via clear signage and through Terms and Conditions of use of both car park and camp site. If there will be a breach of this condition, the equipment will be confiscated and if there will be repeatable offence, the offenders will be removed from the site. The active patrols will be taking place during and after licensable hours and logbook will be kept to demonstrate compliance (One Love Management, 2015, p16, p.28). Bar and refreshment area will be monitored by Designated Premises supervisor. Bar will be closed at 22.30pm to ensure party will not carry on after licensable hours of event (One Love Management, 2015, p.12). 4.5.8. Traffic Management Road traffic noise is one of the main sources affecting sleep and causing annoyance (Ohrstrom et al., 2006). There is only one road leading from the festival venue to the main road. This road will serve as an access to the venue. To keep traffic to minimum organiser will encourage guests to use alternative methods of transports e.g. trains, buses or car share. There will be dedicated traffic management team in place to ensure that parking is done efficiently and without unnecessary disturbance to local residents (One Love Management, 2015, p.16). The unnecessary use of horns and use of heavy vehicles at night time will be also forbidden (WHO, 1999). 5.1. Monitoring noise level Monitoring of noise levels will be in place during licensable hours, and sound checks will be completed daily for the duration of the event. Those measurements will be completed at following locations: mixer position, stage, Dab Shacks and noise sensitive locations (Lets Rock London, 2015). Fixed sound level monitoring device will be used at the mixer position (Lets Rock London, 2015) and sound limiter device will be installed inside Dub Shacks to ensure that agreed limits are not exceeded (Sound Licensing Limited, 2015). The mobile sound level monitoring device will be used to measure sound level for each of new act performs on the stage. The remote sound level monitoring device will be set up at least one of the Noise Sensitive Locations and this device will be configured to record the sound levels for the duration of the event. There will be system put in place to alert the responsible person if any levels are exceeded. (Lets Rock London, 2015) 5.2. After the event All the results of the noise monitoring completed during the event will be kept and send to the Local Authority after the event, along with any complaints received, with documented corrective actions taken (Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events, 2012, p.17). The aim of the noise management plan is to address all noise related challenges and ensure that there is balance maintained between the needs of the event organisers and the local residents. The actions have been taken to reduce and manage the noise impact on the surrounding area and to ensure great entertainment for patrons. Asselineau, M., and Serra, M (2010) Music and outdoors: are they meant to work together?. Proceedings of 20th International Congress on Acoustics, ICA. Sydney; pp.1-7. Code of Practice and Guidance Notes on Noise Control for Concerts and Outdoor Events. (2012). Bath, p.12-17 Colthurst, A., and Fisher, S (2011) Noise and Vibration. Cited in: Battersby, S. Clays Handbook of Environmental Health. 20th Edition. Spon Press. London and New York. Ebook. En.wikipedia.org. (2017). Reggae. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reggae [Accessed 12 Mar. 2017]. Everset, F. A., and Pohlmann, K. C (2009) Master Handbook of Acoustics. 5th Edition. Mc Grow Hill. London. Ebook. Legislation.gov.uk. (1996). Noise Act 1996. [online] Available at: http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/37/crossheading/summary-procedure-for-dealing-with-noise-at-night [Accessed 12 Mar. 2017]. Lets Rock London. (2015). Lets Rock London 2016 Noise Management Plan. Noise from Open Air Events Guidance for Applicants. (2014). Portsmouth: Portsmouth City Council, p.8-10 Ohrstrom, E., Skanberd, A., Sevensson, H., and Gidlof-Gunnarsson, A (2006) Effect of road traffic noise and the benefit of access to quietness. Journal of Sound and Vibration 295(1/2); pp. 40-59. One Love Management, (2015). One Love Festival Appendix 2. EVENT SAFETY MANAGEMENT PLAN. Basingstoke: Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council, pp.12- 28. Redbridge.gov.uk. (2017). Redbridge Hainault Forest Country Park. [online] Available at: https://www.redbridge.gov.uk/leisure-sport-and-the-arts/parks/hainault-forest-country-park/ [Accessed 12 Mar. 2017]. Sound Solution Consultants Ltd, (2010). The Black Horse Festival Noise Impact Assessment TECHNICAL REPORT. Rother: Rother District Council. The European Parliament and the Council of the European Union (2002) Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. Official Journal of the European Communities. L 189; pp. 12-25. The Noise Council (1995) Code of Practice on Environmental Noise Control at Concerts, London, The Noise Council. World Health Organisation (1999) Guidelines for Community, Geneva. Sound Licensing Limited, (2015). NOISE IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT 3 CROYDON LANE SM7 3AS.

Civil war Essay -- essays research papers

Causes & Results of the Civil War The Civil War, in U.S. history, was a conflict that pitted the Northern states of the American Union against the Southern states. The war raged for 4 years (1861-65) and was marked by some of the fiercest military campaigns of modern history. Large armies were involved in large movements, and entire populations were engaged in supporting the war efforts of both sides. The war had international impact, not only because of the growing international stature of the United States, but also because war threatened world access to the South's cotton. Britain and France had particular interest in the war's outcome, but other nations were also affected by it. The chief and immediate cause of the war was slavery. Southern states, including the 11 states that formed the Confederacy, depended on slavery to support their economy. Southerners used slave labor to produce crops, especially cotton. Although slavery was illegal in the Northern states, only a small proportion of Northerners actively opposed it. The main debate between the North and the South on the eve of the war was whether slavery should be permitted in the Western territories recently acquired during the Mexican War (1846-1848), including New Mexico, part of California, and Utah. Opponents of slavery were concerned about its expansion, in part because they did not want to compete against slave labor. By 1860, the North and the South had developed into two very different regions. Divergent social, economic, and political points of view, dating from colonial times, gradually drove the two sections farther and farther apart. Each tried to impose its point of view on the country as a whole. Although compromises had kept the Union together for many years, in 1860 the situation was explosive. The election of Abraham Lincoln as president was viewed by the South as a threat to slavery and ignited the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second of the three S’s that caused the civil war was sectionalism. During the first half of the 19th century, economic differences between the regions increased. By 1860 cotton was the chief crop of the South, and it represented 57 percent of all U.S. exports. The profitability of cotton, known as King Cotton, completed the South’s dependence on the plantation system and its essential component, slavery. The North was by then firmly establi... ...al debates. As the 19th century closed, they faced a rigidly segregated life in the South and hostility across most of the North. Despite the destruction, the war did settle the question of secession. Since 1861 no state has seriously considered withdrawing from the Union. In addition, the war brought slavery to an end. After the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation, there was widespread acceptance of the fact that Union victory would mean general emancipation. Since the proclamation was a war measure that might be held unconstitutional after the war, the 13th Amendment to the Constitution, which abolished slavery, was passed by both houses of Congress early in 1865. It was ratified by three-fourths of the states and was formally proclaimed in effect on December 18, 1865.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war also set the South back at least a generation in industry and agriculture. The invading armies devastated factories and farms. The labor system fell into chaos. Not until the 20th century did the South recover fully from the economic effects of the war. In contrast, the North forged ahead with the building of a modern industrial state.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Medicine is the biggest epidemic in our time’ was Ivan Illich a prophet or a rumor monger Essay

Ivan Illich was an Austrian philosopher, very popular for his of contribution of theories on the concept of medicalization. He has published many books on medicalization and has presented to a wider public the notion of iatrogenic disease. Medicine is a major therapy tool in social life and without proper medication human life could be highly constrained by many diseases surrounding it. Ivan Illich has had a contribution in the field of medicalization as a philosopher by constructing theories that various medics have followed in their practice. Iatrogenesis is a term that is used to refer an illness that come from medical activity and outweighs any positive benefit of medicine. Iatrogenesis was introduced into social science by Illich. According to Illich, iatrogenesis had adverse effects on the industrial society as it enhanced the corruption, incapacitated individuals and limited freedom in an industrial set up. Illich outlined three major types of iatrogenesis, these are; clinical , social and cultural iatrogenesis. Illich has theorized various ideas in medicalization and society. This essay will point out some theories that highlight whether Illich was a prophet or a rumormonger in society and show some evidence based on his approaches in medicalization. The essay will as well focus on the notion of iatrogenesis and statistics that has been conducted in the UK based on statistics. Finally, the essay will show some assumptions of Illich on medicalization and also how iatrogenesis can be prevented in society. According to statistics in the UK, it indicates that the estimation of 215,000 deaths every year have been caused by iatrogenic, whereby cancer and the heart disease are seen to be causing more deaths in every year(Shaffer, Philips, &Enzer, 2009, p.241). Iatrogenic effects in several cases are fully defined and can be recognized easily, for instance those complications that need a surgical procedure. However, the less obvious complications need significant investigation to recognize, such as difficult drug interactions. Ivan Illich who was a researcher and a multilingual prolific writer on issues related to society and medicine attributed his concepts of medicalization and proposed his views towards the modern medicine in the society. Illich argued that the notion of medicine had deprived individuals and society of their capacity to cope with sickness and death (Basford, Lynn & Oliver Slevin, 2003, p.122). Therefore, based on Illich, iatrogenesis cannot be understood unless it is seen specifically medical manifestation of particular counter productivity. Illich therefore points out main three levels of iatrogenesis. The first level is the clinical iatrogenesis, this whereby the injury is depicted to the patients by unproductive, toxic and insecure treatment to the patients. The second level is the social iatrogenesis, which comes as a result of medicalization of life, and thirdly cultural iatrogenesis, which comes as a result of the destruction of traditional ways of dealing with and making sense of death, pain and illness. Based on the evidence in his works of medicine described for over twenty years, it is noted that Illich was not a rumormonger, but a philosophical prophet, based on his predictions and research on the concept of iatrogenesis. Ivan Illich has traced contemporary idea of the issue of epidemic in the societal context and this notion has greatly focused on the main assumptions that lead to that epidemic. Based on his ideas, he argued on the progressing views on medicine, there is an empowerment model that has evolved out of the realization of epidemic and, therefore, patients cannot be forced to follow a lifestyle dictated by others towards the problem of medicalization. Based on Ivan Illich’s theories on his perspectives towards natural health, medicine undermines health of individuals not only based directly on aggression, but also over the impact of its social organization on the milieu. On that context, when the medical damage to the health of an individual is produced based on the sociopolitical mode of transmission. Thus, according to Illich, social iatrogenesis is designated in all impairments on regard to health that specifically to those socio-economic revolutions which have been made pretty, probable, or essential by the formal shape health care has taken (Kazer, 2008, p.209). Thus, based on his views towards the medicalization, the assumptions that erupt prevail that Illich was one person in the society who was seen as a prophet. Most people considered his ideas more especially his aspects on the iatrogenesis and through his open minded on the society, they regard his views to be those of a prophet. The iatrogenic death has become the third leading cause of death in the UK, surpassing the death by stroke. Based on different sources indicate that, between 200,000 and 250, 000 people are reported to die each year from Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) in the hospital setting (Kazer, 2008, p.289). On the same note, it is seen that deaths by ADRs kills over five times as the illegal combined in every year and that is the most conservative estimate that is outlined. Thus, the prescription drug Vioxx kills an estimate of 60,00 people by cardiac arrest alone and this figure does not reflect and account for any other fatal side effects such as the internal bleeding. In most cases, medicine undermines health and this is not only based on direct aggression against individuals but it has also an impact on the social organization on the total milieu. Therefore, medical damage to the individual health is enacted by the social iatrogenesis. This defines all the deficiencies that subdue to health a nd are due precisely to those socio-economic revolutions that have been made impressive, possible by the established shape health care. Iatrogenesis has many dimensions as per Ivan Illich’s concept. The undesirable side-effects of approved, mistaken, callous or contra-indicated technical contacts with the medical system represent only first level of pathogenic medicine. The belief of people that they cannot cope with illness without modern medicines reinforces and lays the ground for iatrogenesis by surrendering themselves to the doctors. According to Illich, he illustrates that the social iatrogenesis is not yet acknowledged as a collective etiology of sickness. He outlines that the diagnosis often serves as a means of turning political grievances besides the stress of growth into needs for more remedies that are just more of its expensive and demanding outputs, the industrial system would lose one of its major defenses. On the same note, responsiveness of the extent to which iatrogenic ill health is politically-communicated would shake the basics of medical power much more deeply than any catalogue of medicine’s technical faults. Based on this fact, his works and ideas portray the assumption of his research and these shows that he was not a rumourmonger but can be seen as a prophet in several aspects since his predictions indicated the notion of reality. Iatrogenesis designates a condition of illness, disease, injury or hostile health brought upon a patient as an indirect or direct result of medical diagnosis or cure. Therefore, when iatrogenesis gets into pain, there are numerous common varieties of iatrogenesis, that subsidize to the on-set of symptoms, as well as the dissemination and worsening of existing conditions. Acute postoperative pain is followed by insistent pain in 10-50% of individuals after mutual operations, such as breast and thoracic surgery, groin hernia repair, and coronary artery bypass surgery leg amputation (Gould, Brooker& Gould, 2008, p.167). Iatrogenic complications are very common most people who are affected are the elderly than the young patients. These complications include the adverse effects as the interactions, falls, nosocomial infections, Pressure ulcers and other relevant complications to surgery, however, prevention is often possible, (O’dea& Erikson, 2010, p.341). For example, the large pe rcentage that is affected is the men. The statistics indicate that women live longer than women, however, the spend most of their lives with different disparities. The smoking rates between women in UK were slightly low compared to men, thus women smoke 25.1% while men 31.2%. The initial step in stoppage is to categorize patients at high risk in order to know the way forward in which to help that particular individual. Risk factors may include the following. Prevention is the most crucial factor and determining the effective way to prevent such assumption is to overlook on that factors that contribute to such infections. After full recognition of that factors, focusing on the proper measures that should be taken into consideration to avoid those elements that affect the situation (Miller, 2013, p.178). Thus, interventions that can prevent iatrogenic complications may include the following: addressing proper medication to the patient by relying on primary evidence. In conclusion, Illich can be considered a prophet and not a rumourmonger. A prophet according to religion is a person who can tell about the future. This declaration has evolved from a number of his assumptions on medicine and his approaches towards the medicalization that are entirely based on his research of over twenty years. For instance, in UK there are several individuals who die of diseases linked to the effect of iatrogenesis in every year. This aspect is seen to affect the elderly people more than the young. Illich’s views on medicalization are shown to be very significant to the society as they enlightened individuals to be aware of some aspects that lead to iatrogenesis. With the evidence on health system, his philosophies are examined to be very significant in society since they mainly focused on the main areas that analyze medicalization. His predictions in several aspects support his research on the health systems in society and this fully defines him as a prophe t. It has been documented that no substantial addition to life expectancy or the quality of life critically ill patients has been achieved by high tech cost medical technology. As a contrast, there are many medical interventions, which are simple, cheap and often without any need of medicine yet are quite effective. However, such simple remedies are often neglect or ignored altogether. medicalization encourages our dependence on professional care, and on medical drugs. References Basford, L. & Oliver S. 2003. Theory and Practice of Nursing: An Integrated Approach to Patient Care. Cheltenham, U.K: Nelson Thornes. Gould, D., Brooker, C., & Gould, D. 2008. Infection prevention and control: applied microbiology for healthcare. Basingstoke [England], Palgrave Macmillan. Kazer, M. W. 2008. Essentials of gerontological nursing. New York, Springer. Miller, A. B. 2013. Epidemiologic studies in cancer prevention and screening. New York, NY, Springer. O’Dea, J. A., &Eriksen, M. P. 2010.Childhood obesity prevention: international research, controversies, and interventions. Oxford [U.K], Oxford University Press. Shaffer, D., Philips, I., &Enzer, N. B. 2009.Prevention of mental disorders, alcohol, and other drug use in children and adolescents. Rockville, Md. (5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville 20857), The Office. Source document