Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun - Dreams Essay -- English L

A Raisin in the Sun - DreamsDreamsThe play A Raisin in the Sun demonstrates the hardships and successesof the members of a black family living in the south side of Chicagoduring the 50s. For the Youngers, dreams are life. They are whatbring the family together and pull it aside throughout the play. Eachmember of the family has a particular dream, and each of those dreamsis like a wall being built between its owner and various opposite membersof the family. Everyones dream straddles the line between selfishnessand goodness for the family however, some, like Walters, seem to bepulled more by the gravity of selfishness. Both Mama and Ruth handlethe same dream, but each has a slightly different reason for herpreference.Walters dream is the most apparent from the beginning of the play,and he presses his family and himself until he accomplishes his goal.Walter focuses so much on his dream, however, that he leaves no roomfor his family. One may ask, why is he so intent on his dream? Walte ris out to demonstrate something to himself, to his family, and to the world.He needs to show people that he is a man and is responsible. No oneever trusted Walter with anything important as crumb be seen when hesays, Aint nobody with me Not even my own mother (Hansberry, 85).In all of his life, Walter was not allowed to grow into a man and boot outthe responsibility of his life and the lives of his family. Mama hasalways been the head of the family, and Walter never got the chance inhis childhood to take responsibility with less important matterstherefore, when he is turn over a check for $6500, Walter does what henever had the chance to do before. Walters father was a proud man whowanted his family t... ...s possessions in the minds of many people. They cantear apart a family like the Youngers, or they can grasp and control amind like that of Walter. However, dreams are items not easily left(a)behind, and if they were, what would become of the people who ownedthem? Dreams ma ke up a part of the life of humans that without, whocan say where life may lead a person. Probably nowhere. For withoutdreams, a human has no ambitions and no hope to make any impact uponthe world. Without dreams the human race would be one of idlecreatures that desire nothing more than to be like the cockroaches inthis play, searching only for the necessities of life between periodsof sleep. Maybe that would be better, though, for someone like Walterafter all, what has he done but be a burden upon society? Or will hesomeday succeed because of a dream, if only through his son?

death penalty :: essays research papers

Death Penalty Revised During this class period today, seven adult men will be falsely criminate of committing a serious crime, hold ining a penalty of capital punishment. This means approximately 51,000 adult men are falsely accused of committing serious crimes each year. This encounter is roughly the number of people who attended Super Bowl-Thirty-Three. Currently, there are 3,500 people on death row in thirty-eight states that support and carry out the death penalty while only twelve states lead outlawed it. At the same time, more than half the countries in the world have abolished the death penalty in law or practice. Capital punishment is very relevant to each atom of society. It is not just a manly only issue. Every single one of us in this room has a father, brother, or significant others who could be affected. Capital punishment in the States is morally unjust and should be eliminated because it is cruel and unusual it kills innocent people and it is used in a discrimin atory manner. Sometimes criminals suffer more during their executions than is anticipate or planned. People sentenced to death are certain to face one of the following methods of execution still practiced today firing squad, electric chair, fatal injection, gas chamber or hanging. But, injecting with poisonous chemicals, smothering with toxic gases, and electrocuting with high voltage are the preferred methods because bloody human tissues are not strewn about, as with other methods, therefore those people assigned to scour the execution site are less likely to experience psychological trauma. Although tidy, these styles of killing rarely get through on the first attempt instead, prisoners regularly suffer intense pain for long periods of time before expiring. According to Seideman, the case of Scotty Sutton is one example of galore(postnominal) bungled executions that take place every month. While administering a lethal injection, all the executioners attempts to find a vein hav e failed. Scotty started moaning and trousering in agony signaling a partial dose found his blood stream. Realizing the dose was not enough to end his life the executioner essay several failed attempts in the neck area hoping to find a main artery. Meanwhile, 300 pound, Scotty is still breathing after five minutes into this botched execution. The chemicals that were prepared and on hand have been seriously depleted. In a last ditch effort, the executioner signaled for help and directed a prison staff member to cut away a portion of the thick canvas jacket to expose an area of his chest to deliver a lethal dose at one time into his heart moments later Scotty expired (3).

America Attacked :: Essays Papers

America AttackedThe United States of America has gone through almost every sense in the book, but we will never forget the events of September 11. As of now, investigations atomic number 18 taking place across the nation. From splenic fever to the Al-Qaeda, the FBI and CIA seem to be stumped as to where to look. The developments of the story on anthrax have not stopped President Bush on his Life Must Go On speeches, but it anthrax scares still have citizens in a frenzy. How to deal with anthrax, or basically the mental idea of ohmigosh I cant check my mail I might die has its pros and cons since you cant avoid checking your mail for the rest of your life, yet there is always that fear there. As for the new story nearly the Al-Qaeda, what is said to be Bin Ladens Web of Terror, we only know so much as to what the media is giving. From what Ive learned, the Al-Qaeda is uniform to the stereotyped MAFIA, where Bin Laden has a network of followers all over the world in 60 different co untries, where he has patronize financially and support from those who are part of his network. It is kind of like if Bin Laden says go, there will be someone there to respond. It is alarming to think about, really, but I believe the FBI has to get moving and let the people know what is going on. How much of a threat is there? How dysphoric should people be - especially since the holidays are just around the corner? These are questions I would like to be answered.Businesses all around the world are on a roller coaster right now, and nobody knows when the ride is going to stop, or more importantly, how and where it is going to stop. For example, will businesses be on the top or the bottom of the ride? An example of a re-opened business that affects airlines is the Concorde. Since the crash of the Air France Concorde in the summer of 2000, the planes havent flown. Now, the return of the worlds sudden commercial planes are back in the skies, but their only problem is, will there b e people riding them? Over 50 gazillion dollars has been spent on preparing the return of the Concorde, but some people are skeptical as to whether or not the business will do well.

Althussers Ideology :: Ideological State Apparatus, God

In the first half of his essay Ideology and ideological State Apparatuses, Althusser says that, the resistances of the exploited descriptores is able to find means and occasions to express itself there (99), by which he means in the Ideological State Apparatuses. In the second half of the essay, Althusser argues there are places that can be found in the ISA that allow expression of the exploited class, but this expression is an illusion as they can only express themselves in terms of being subjects.Althusser separates the State Apparatus into two sections, one being the Repressive State Apparatus (RSA) and the separate being the Ideological State Apparatus (ISA). The RSA encompasses things like the military, police and government, whereas the ISA contains things like education, religion and family. The RSA is fundamentally different from the ISAs for two reasons, the first being that the RSA is strictly in the public domain whereas the ISAs can exist in both the public and private domain. The second difference is that, the Repressive State Apparatus functions by personnel, whereas the Ideological State Apparatus functions by ideology(97). Althusser qualifies this statement by saying that the RSA truly functions by both power as well as ideology since no apparatus can function by one alone. Therefore, conversely, the ISAs function primarily by ideology and secondarily by violence, although most of this violence is usually internal to the apparatus. Althusser ends his discussion of the distinction between the RSA and ISA by saying that, the Ideological State Apparatuses may be not only the stake, but withal the site of class struggle, and often of bitter forms of class struggle (99). By this, Althusser means that it is inherently difficult to take the ISAs from the formal ruling class since they can retain their roles for a longer period of time than being thrown out of power in the RSA. This also leads us back to the skepticism at hand how do the resistanc es of the exploited classes find means and occasions to express themselves in the ISAs?The occasions for expression come from ideology. For Althusser, ideology is, conceived as a pure illusion, a pure dream, i.e. as nothingness. All its reality is external to it (108). Althusser differs from Marx on who biddings this reality. Marx argues that this illusion is controlled by those who are in power and is used to control those who are not in power.

Placing English Language Learners in Special Education Essay -- ELLs a

When do English language learners need to be determined in special education?In the United States, on that point has been an increase in in the number of children from Spanish speaking backgrounds. The English Language Learners, commonly known as ELLs, are being placed in Special discipline without being properly tested for a learning impairment. However there are a large number of ELLs with learning disabilities in elementary grades that truly have a learning disability and are everywhere looked. Many school districts have problems placing ELLs. As a result these students end up in special education whether they have a learning disability or language impairment. Teachers are also indecisive when dealing with ELLs. Most teachers recommend that ELLs be placed in special education from twenty-four hours one. It is not because the child has a learning disability, its because most teachers are not properly trained to interact with ELLs. Teachers also find it difficult, due to mi ss of training, having ELLs with learning disabilities in their classrooms. More teachers would find their selves comfortable if they had training in dealing with ELLs and ELLs with learning disabilities. This paper discusses the issues and the concerns teachers have in dealing with ELLs and ELLs with disabilities, the challenges of identifying individuals with learning disabilities, and what type of assessments classify English Language Learners as having a learning disability.First, teachers are rarely prepared to handle the challenges of assessing students who have a learning disability coupled with limited English proficiency (Haung, Milczarski, Raby, 2011). Teachers usually have trouble distinguishing between a learning disorders and acquiring a sulfur language. Eve... ..., K., Milczarski, E., & Raby, C. (2011). The Assessment of English Language Learners with Learning Disabilities Issues, Concerns, and Implications. Education, 131(4), 732-739.Kapantzoglou, M., Restrepo, M. , & Thompson, M. S. (2012). Dynamic Assessment of Word Learning Skills Identifying Language Impairment in Bilingual Children. Language, Speech & Hearing go In Schools, 43(1), 81-96. doi10.1044/0161-1461(2011/10-0095)Wagner, R. K., Francis, D. J., & Morris, R. D. (2005). Identifying English Language Learners with Learning Disabilities Key Challenges and Possible Approaches. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice (Blackwell Publishing Limited), 20(1), 6-15. doi10.1111/j.1540-5826.2005.00115.xSullivan, A. L. (2011). Disproportionality in Special Education Identification and Placement of English Language Learners. Exceptional Children, 77(3), 317-334.

Eating Disorders :: essays research papers

As surface area hockey began in late August I concept that she was a lot better, but, as time went on, I found out that she was not any better than when she left school last May. She was re all toldy acquire worse. Living with someone that has an take disorder is very hard. My college roommate, also my field hockey teammate suffers from an eating disorder called bulimia. She is now not playing field hockey because she is so bad that her heart can stop at any moment, and she could die. As an athlete there are many pressures to look and to be your best. Female athletes often try to lose weight to improve their game, to keep in shape or even just because of the pressures. Christy Henrich, a world-class gymnast, died in 1994 from anorexia. Her mother told Scott Reid (2005) of the Buffalo News was that, the first thing other athletes told Christy was if theres something you want to eat, eat it and throw it up. Thats the first thing you learn when youre on the U.S. national team. Pres sures come from all over not just from your parents, coaches, teammates and fans. They can show up anywhere. There are many different kinds of eating disorders, from bulimia to anorexia to diet pill villainy to laxative abuse and many more (Otil,103). But the most common that we know of are bulimia and anorexia. Bulimia is a disease when a person eats a lot of food in a short amount of time (called bingeing) and then tries to prevent weight gain by purging. Anorexia is when you lust yourself in fear of gaining weight. As Richard Carey (1997) says in his article, an estimated in 1995 that 20% of college age women and 10% of adult women have suffered from eating disorders. An estimated 1,000,000 teenagers are affected by eating disorders. As many at 90% of all individuals with eating disorders are female this leaves only 10% of males. When it comes to losing weight there is a right substance and a wrong way. For some of us we dont know the right for the wrong. And thats when an eat ing disorder steps in. Our body needs the chemic and neurological balance to be healthy. And when you resort in an unhealthy weight loss like not eating (anorexia) or bingeing and purging (bulimia) the chemical and neurological become unbalanced.

Critically discuss the function of structure within the therapeutic relationship Essay

Extensive literature shows no significant differences in alterative progenys between curative approaches, but yet, these approaches differ to quiting degrees in regards to values, techniques and emphasis on building. This consequently poses an equivalence paradox with clearly non-equivalent techniques. The explanation for this commonality in therapeutic outcome between therapeutic approaches is the thickening- healer family relationship also recognisen as the therapeutic alliance. The therapeutic alliance is a more encompassing term for the underlying interpersonal interactions and the collaborative nature of the partnership between a therapist and a client.Meta analytic research studies show that the therapeutic relationship counts for . 21 in opinion size, while in combinations with technical focus, the effect size is . 76. While not equally as effective as technique alone with an effect size of . 55, it is significant in its contributions to therapeutic outcome and has been worth the focus on how it develops over time and the subsequent development of a generic structure to make up and maintain across all theoretical approaches.This essay will aim to explore this partnership and the necessary steps or requirements on the part of the therapist in order to establish it and the ways client p reference books and goals atomic number 18 incorporated into treatment, in other words, structure required for the establishment and maintenance of the relationship as there is research evidence to support the establishment of this alliance early for stronger therapeutic outcome. Generally, work with clients usually set out a preparatory phase a first phone call perhaps, and introduction on both parts to the tasks and goals ahead.A demoralizening phase that involves the face-to-face meet up, sign greeting an dodging of the therapists agenda, contracting, negotiating and setting and summary of goals. A middle phase the therapist is concerned with facilitat ing attainment and vary congruent with therapeutic goals and assumptions about change. The end phase also involves process goals in order to seek resolution of client issues, consolidate learning and change and evaluate therapeutic outcome.Theres evidence to show that therapeutic alliance need to be formed within the first three sessions for a good therapeutic outcome. Regardless of the therapeutic approach, there is evidence that certain generic scientific disciplines are important and required for the establishment of a structure within therapeutic alliance. These generic skills include elemental communication skills, but also more complex skills which the therapist needs.They can be learnt and practiced as techniques but the therapeutic use of them with the client depends not only on the communication skill but on the attitude and intention of the therapist, an inside energy of sorts, that comes from commitment to understand the person from their frame of reference and the therapists internal supervision, awareness and self- appraise. The following macro and micro skills ensure the therapist emphases the importance of inner work alongside their practice. 1) Making Psychological seeThis is an intangible asset personal process that changes from moment to moment, a psychological exchange of energy between human beings. It is open on the skills, experience, attitudes and emotions that each brings to the situation and it presents itself on a spectrum. It ranges from clients who make no contact at all to those who invade the therapists personal space and on the other side, the therapists capacity to make contact could be influenced by how they perceive bracing clients and other factors such as culture, class, race, gender, age and sexual orientation.The therapists experience of initial interpersonal contact can be developed by self-reflection. Impartial witnessing The observation of inner processes without judgement. Awareness of how others experience the therapists psychological contact e. g. Is it warm or cool, intrusive or distant etc? And lowestly, skills of greeting appropriately and starting the interaction with particular adjustments made after prudence is paid to and aesthesia of culture, age, gender etc. 2) Effecting In betroth and AssessmentIn an interview or a formal assessment, specific skills are needed. They include Asking for information It is irresponsible that the client is made to understand the purpose of the questions and what will happen with the records. Purpose stating What the therapist wants to happen and must happen. This helps to set the scene of openness to clients so that they know the therapists intentions or purpose and also to experience the therapist as congruent.Preference stating What the therapist would like to happenwith an element of choice for the client. perspicacious when to say no to a client and knowing how to communicate this congruently, respectfully and empathically. 3) Introduci ng tape recording This is something therapists approach with trepidation and technical skill and appropriate equipment is required to execute. The therapist requires confidence and conviction to obtain permission from the client and it needs to be part of the initial contract. 4) Contracting and clarifying therapyNegotiating a contract with a client requires particularly the multiple skills of active listening, paraphrasing, reflecting feelings, summarizing, asking questions, purpose and preference stating, a balance between assertion and flexibility. 5) Beginning to construct a relationship The ability to communicate empathic understanding of the client, to show unconditional respect, and to be perceived as congruent, requires inner and outer, receptive and responding skills. The client needs to hear that the therapist understands him from his point of view, accepting and not judging him, and is openly present for him and genuine in the role.This openness conveyed by the therapist may vary with the orientation Skills required to communicate this are 1) Attention giving The non-verbal show of accessibility, receptivity and presence which are all influenced by an inner attitude dependent on the awareness and sensitivity of the therapist. 2) Observing Knowing what non-verbal and verbal cues to look out for. For example posture, facial expression, tone and volume of voice, responsiveness etc. These clues are sought to begin to understand the clients internal frame of reference.Also, the therapist needs to scan their testify body for clues and observe how the client makes them feel. 3) perceive and Hearing. The former is merely the inner sensory activity that involves picking up sounds while the latter is the same inner sensory activity aligned with attention giving. When clients feel really listened to, they are encouraged to talk and reveal themselves. Accurate listening can help clients to increase self-awareness and reduce defensiveness and direct focus tow ards their own behaviour. It provides psychological space and support for clients self-exploration.The use of a combination of the above skills to focus the therapist and client at appropriate points in the interaction. It can be used as a check for understanding, pulling together thoughts, bridge to help client move on, return to something significant and to structure the interaction if the therapist or the client is getting lost. 5) Responding or facilitating skills Also known as active listening skills. These demonstrate and communicate empathy and acceptance and allay exploration. They are sometimes referred to as first level empathy, distinguishing them from deeper empathy.The latter is used when there is deeper understanding of the clients inner world. Using advanced empathy as well as soon, exposes a risk of inaccuracy and poses too much of a challenge for the client. First level empathy consists of paraphrasing and reflecting feelings. Paraphrasing is picking up the meanin g of the clients words and having and abundant vocabulary to put it back to him reflecting accurately the feeling and meaning in a tentative way to check understanding. It is not parroting and using jargon or over technical terms.Done well, it enables clients to hear and understand themselves afresh. Reflecting feelings is adverting what the client is feeling often mainly from non-verbals like tone of voice, bodily expression and therapists own bodily resonance. Therapists need to be sensitive to different cultural subtleties as inaccurate reflections may neutralize the intensity of the clients feelings. All these skills are the beginning blocks for building a relationship and for helping clients explore what they want from a therapist and therapy. In the main they are supportive skills.Skills which continue to build the relationship and develop the interaction will be considered next. These skills are challenging, both for the client and therapist. Development and maintenance of the therapeutic relationship Moving the client forward As mentioned above, the skills discussed so far can be considered as supportive helping clients feel safe enough to begin to explore themselves and their situation. To move on in the relationship and the interaction requires skills which will challenge the client to explore further to gain new perspective and new simulations and see the world in a different way.How the client will receive the challenge will depend on the relationship which has been create and how it is retained and developed all the supportive skills will still be needed, appropriately interspersed with the challenging ones. Inner skills Challenging a client requires the inner skill of the therapist in examining their own feelings about challenging others. The therapist needs to know how comfortable they are with challenging a client. This skill is should be applied tentatively and timing is crucial.A therapist needs to be able to gauge implicitly and expli citly when and how to challenge a client and which of these interactions are found on theories of counselling and psychotherapy. This skill really requires an inner awareness and careful attention to personal development is required. This is where tape recording and supervision are important in the review and identifications of values, beliefs, thoughts, feelings and sensations guiding the choices made. Outer skills Responsible challenging requires well-practised communication skills.Focusing. The therapist needs to help clients focus, if they are to move forward. Summarizing. As mentioned above, summarizing provides bridges, draws themes together and is used for belongings track. It is a useful skill that requires accurate listening, ability to filter relevant thoughts and feelings and ability to communicate them clearly. Both summarising and focusing provide challenge to clients Concrete examples. sometimes it can be useful to ask clients for more specific thoughts, experiences and feelings. Communicating deeper empathy.The ability to pick up the real meaning behind the words, thoughts and feelings of the client which are buried, out of reach or implied and which may come to the therapist as a hunch. The skill is to put it into appropriate words when the timing is right. Challenging. Gently confronting clients to change their perspective, see a bigger picture, recognize strengths they are not using, note discrepancies between verbal and non-verbal behaviour or identify behaviour that is destructive to them and others. Self-disclosure.hither there are two types the therapist disclosing past experience or the disclosure of thoughts and feelings about the clients thoughts or experiences. There are advantages and disadvantages to this. time and discrimination of content disclosed is important. It could help as a model for the clients and help build the relationship or it may be perceived by the client as maladjustment and hence reduce confidence or the increa sed intimacy may be threatening to them. It is unhelpful at the beginning stages of therapy as the therapist should be concentrating on staying with the clients experience.Disclosure needs a sufficiently secure relationship and should be used selectively at the later stages of therapy. Immediacy. Discussing directly and openly what is happening between therapist and client. It involves awareness of whats going on inside the therapist and what is imagined as going on within the client and what is happening between the two. It is quite complex and challenging to do well, but when executed properly provides client with insight as to how their behaviours attain others.It involves competence in support skills as well as self-involving statements. It requires assertion and is very helpful to build or repair a therapeutic relationship, identify issues with class, age, gender, race, sexuality etc and in psychoanalysis and psychodynamic practice, identify transfer and counter transferee. A ll the skills so far require a lot of practice with feedback for development and lead to the final section. Monitoring self within the therapeutic process, evaluation and development of own work.This requires all the previous skills as well as the additional self-management skills which are maturation a caring acceptance of self, impartially witnessing of internal processes, identifying and using resources to meets learning, emotional, physical needs, ongoing identification and checking of belief and theories, planning ongoing training and personal development, reflecting, review of recordings and supervision, reviewing with clients and asking for feedback from clients Summary Both supporting and challenging skills, regardless of theoretical approach are necessary for the establishment of structure within a therapeutic relationship.This structure and framework is important in ensuring that therapists are mindful of what is required to provide a supportive base to establish trust an d rapport and then in the later stages more challenging skill are utilized to provide the necessary challenge that is required to guide clients into awareness and positive change. some other possibly useful generic skill would be a termination skill to help the therapist during the end phases of therapy help the client consolidate learning and evaluate outcome and prepare for possible relapse prevention and management and finally, client autonomy.Theoretical considerations There is no denying that the generic skills discussed above have built around and extended from the conditions identified by Carl Rogers in person centred therapy, to reiterate, they would be the maintenance of an attitude of acceptance or unconditional positive regard, empathic understanding, as well as personal congruence or integration. Being a non-directive therapeutic approach that typically places emphasis on the above, supportive skills would be utilized mainly.Challenge skills, less so, but on occasion, as onus is placed on the client directing the therapy. Cognitive behaviour therapy utilizes an active-directive collaborative style. In its very nature, it is quite structured. In reductionist terms, it occurs in the following four stages the assessment, cognitive, behavioural and learning stages. The therapeutic alliance needs to occur in the assessment stage, usually in the first session because quite cursorily after, from the cognitive stage, negative automatic thoughts are identified and challenged.This means, supportive skills and challenge skills are introduced quite rapidly and interwoven up till the learning stage and termination. In Psychoanalytic and psychodynamic approaches, a distinction is made between the real relationship, transference and counter transference and a working alliance. The real relationship would be akin to the therapeutic relationship as defined earlier and would only be encountered after transference and counter transference because they are considere d to be more of a contamination to the real relationship and would need to be worked through and resolved.Meaning the therapist would take a more reticent stance, utilizing mostly support skills initially and challenge skills only during the working alliance, (the alignment of the clients reasonable self or ego and the therapists analysing self or ego for the purpose of therapy) towards the later stages of therapy where interpretation of unconscious conflicts, defence mechanisms and resistances take place. Other considerations Having a framework is important in the development and establishment of rapport and therapeutic alliance but there are salient points to factor in.The therapist needs to have a level of awareness of the similarities and differences between them and their prospective clients to avoid the traps of varying degrees of gender inequality, ageism, disability and social class discrimination, homophobia and other sexual orientation based discrimination, religion, spiri tual, agnostic and atheist discrimination, and also, racial, cultural and ethnical discrimination. Regardless of how well a therapist conceptualizes how to establish therapeutic alliance, lack of knowledge and experience on these socio sparing and socio cultural factors could prove counterproductive.

What Are the Main Problems Associated with Using Plastic Bags?

Module code FC 5012T Title Skills for Study 1 subsidization question What ar the main problems associated with using tensile bags? Identify solutions to reduce these problems. Word count 742 Tutor name Bird, Marianne City University Number 110065767 Submission fight 26/10/2011 Plastic bags drive been used on a daily basis since 1977 (Williamson, 2003) as a means of carrying items such as groceries as they are not only convenient but excessively cheap. However, the over-use of pliable bags has posed significant threats to the environment in recent times as they are non-biodegradable and also a threat to wildlife.The primary reason for this commercial enterprise is that plastics bags are not re-used, but simply disposed of in landfills. These problems have both social and environmental impacts that are of global concern. This essay will begin by illustrating the problems associated with plastic bags, followed by the various ways in which society can rely to resolve this dile mma. The manufacturing process of plastic bags commences with the extraction of and handling of raw materials.Large amounts of energy are required to extract crude rock oil, and most of the electricity used in the process of manufacturing the plastic used in these bags comes from coal-fired power plants (Greenfeet, 2004). The fundamental components of manufacturing plastic bags are petroleum and natural gases (Lajeunesse, 2004), whereby 4% of the worlds total oil toil is used in the production of plastic bags (Greenfeet 2004). The toxic emissions and consequently air pollution of chemicals and carbon dioxide during the production of plastic bags presents a serious concern for the environment.According to the Institute for Lifecycle Environmental Assessment (1990), the manufacturing of two plastic bags produces 1. 1 kg of atmospheric pollution, which contributes to acid rain and smog. Plastic bags are normally shipped to different consumer countries which also in turn has a harmful impact on to the environment cod to excessive emissions of pollutants such as sulphur (Long and Wagner, 2000). Each year on that point is an increase in demands for plastic bags, and therefore more are shipped, creating further environmental pollution concerns.This increase in demand has lead to the phenomenal batch in the use and misuse of plastic bags globally, both in developed and developing countries. Statistics show that 4 to 5 trillion plastic bags are produced per annum, whereby northeast America and Western Europe account for nearly 80% (Geographical, 2005 Reusable al-Qaidas, 2005). Cheeseman (2007) states that approximately 380 billion plastic shopping bags are used in the united States annually in turn, only 0. 6% of this is recycled. Almost 96% of plastic bags are disposed of in landfills (Williamson, 2003).This leads up to another problem as plastic bags are non-biodegradable in other words, plastic bags do not biodegrade for over a thousand years (Stevens 2001) . Plastic bags may also land in farms and in oceans which have an impact on the wildlife. Livestock such as cows may eat plastic bags while grazing. These pose a threat if ingested as they may tangle in their stomachs, causing serious injuries and potentially death (Dreyer et al, 1999 Rasmussen 1999). Each year over a billion birds and mammals die due to the ingestion of plastic bags (Baker, 2002).Many of these issues however, can be addressed and even resolved in several ways. Nowadays, a number of countries have begun to impose taxes on plastic bag consumption, with few even illegalize the use of plastic bags altogether. In Ireland a 15% tax has now been levied on the consumption of plastic bags, which has resulted in a 90% fall in plastic bag consumption. Many Asian and African countries, including China have also issued new policies on the banning of plastic bags (Ganster 2010 and hillock 2010). Some countries are now making new, more environmentally-friendly paper bags.These bags are biodegradable which means will be able to biodegrade importantly faster compared to regular plastic bags. In Uganda, bags are now made out of banana leaves, making them more eco-friendly and are in themselves biodegradable (Hill 2010). Countries such as the USA have now begun implementing recycling programmes. However, its success has been limited as such services are not yet widely acquirable (McKinney and Schoch, 2003) and the plastic used in the production of these bags are not easily recyclable. In conclusion, the problems presented by such plastic bags lie throughout he production line from the production process to the way in which plastic bags are overly consumed, through to the ways in which they are disposed of. Although several solutions have been implemented to mitigate the issues caused by plastic bags, there is still much to be done to reduce future, drastic consequences to both society and ultimately the environment. Marquita K. Hill (2010). Understanding env ironmental pollution. 3rd ed. United Kingdom Cambridge university press. p345-346. Linda A. Mooney/ David Knox/ Caroline Schacht (2010). Understanding social problems. th ed. United states of America Linda Schreiber-Ganster. p485. Hansard (2007), Parliamentary Debates ,Kenya National convocation Official Record,Jul 25, pp. 15-17. Baker, R. 2002. Ministerial Brief Plastic Bag Levy. Website. Accessed October 22,2011. http//sres. anu. edu. au/people/richard_baker/examples/briefing/minty/Minty. html Geographical. 2005. Waste An Overview. Geographical 77(9) 34-35. Greenfeet. 2004. Paper vs. Plastic The Shopping Bag Debate. Website. Accessed November 20, 2005. http//www. greenfeet. net/newsletter/debate. shtmlLajeunesse, S. 2004. Plastic Bags. Chemical and Engineering News 82(38) 51. McKinney, M. L. , and R. N. Schoch. 2003. Environmental Science Systems and Solutions. Mississauga, ON Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Reusable Bags. 2005. Facts and figures regarding the true comprise of plastic bags. Website. Accessed October 25, 2011. http//www. reusablebags. com/facts. php Long, R. , and M. Wagner. 2000. track Finds Ships the Dirtiest Transportation Source, Causing Smog at Sea and in Port Lawsuit Filed Against EPA for Failure to Regulate Large Ship Emissions. Website. Accessed November 28, 2005. http//www. commondreams. org/news2000/0717-07. htm Reusable Bags. 2005. Facts and figures regarding the true cost of plastic bags. Website. Accessed November 27, 2005. http//www. reusablebags. com/facts. php Stevens, E. 2001. Green Plastics An Introduction to the New Science of Biodegradable Plastics. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press. Williamson, L. J. 2003. Its Not My Bag, Baby On Earth Environmental Politics concourse 25(2) (June) 32-34.

Play Review: the Imaginary Invalid

Upon entering the theater, my initial reactions were wholly positive as I took in the motion-picture show, my eyes shifting around the surroundings. The theater was a little smoky and mysterious looking there were interesting props on the stage ( alike(p) a candle chandelier, a chrome walker, and a whatchamacallit of various sized bottles containing florescent yellow and red liquid with tubes attached through and throughout) that I found stimulating to look at and wonder more or less.When the lights went down and the play began, I was excited to see what purpose was behind the smoky environment and the curious props. Up to the end of the production, that excitement (accompanied by times of surprise and empathy) was sustained because of the suspicious nature of the play. The opening scene with the dark bodies and illuminated faces was a little confusing. I was non sure how having the actors lurking around the stage and audience, with creepy, tingly music and sounds being compe te in the meantime, related to the play.Besides this scene, though, the plot and structure of the play was made clear due to the comprehensibility of the dialogue and the ease at which the plot could be followed. Many of the scenes aroused the audience to some form of response, more often laughter than others, but surprise and empathy were prominent as well. In the first scene that Argan, a hypochondriac (the imaginary invalid), was introduced, there was a plethora of giggles and grins from the audience as he sorted through his doctors bills and spoke of enemas.In the scenes with Angelique, Argans daughter, empathy was felt for her darn she struggled to be with her love, Cleante. Many of the scenes had shocking or surprising elements, but the most shocking of all was when Argans doctor came to visit him after hearing the news that Argan was not abiding to his prescriptions. The scene was outrageous the doctors speech was very loud and exaggerated, as was his wardrobe, and there was an added element of absurdity with saliva spewing this sort and that out of the doctors mouth as he shouted at Argan.Because the play was filled with scenes of this nature and because most of the play was a little outrageous, it was effective in arousing audience response and bewitch my interest throughout the performance. In order to successfully express emotions and ideas, the actors used body movements, voice, and facial expressions wonderfully. A perfect example of one actor utilizing all three would be the function of Thomas Diafoirus. Just out of schooling to become a doctor, Thomas reflects a goofy, savage-like facial expression.He is presented to the audience like an animal also through his slouching and savage-like mannerisms, not to mention the fact that his father would crack a whip on him at any given signify of misbehavior. Thomas is not at all a man who Angelique wants to marry, and so this idea is taken to the next level by making his character obviously repulsing to the audience. As exaggerated as they may have been, and as ridiculous as some might have seemed, body movement, voice, and facial expressions were expertly put to use throughout the performance.The design of the set and the costumes puddleed great with all the other elements of the production. Many people were heard describing the costumes as sort of Rocky nuisance, due to the white, highly made up faces and gothic air clothing. While this was not proper dress for the period in which the play was written, it did still work well with the play and was not seemingly out of place. The characters of Argan, Angelique, Louison, Beralde, and Cleante were not in this gothic style apparel, but instead were in period dress.This was an excellent way of showing the difference between characters. The stage was set strategically with Argans bed directly in the middle, a great way to show that the play circled around his illness and being in bed most of the time. The props I mentioned at the beginning (the candle chandelier, the chrome walker, and the contraption of bottles containing liquid and tubes) were dangling about the actors on rope. This was a clever way of decorating Argans room with symbols of his hypochondria.The costumes worn and the design of the set worked well together in setting an appropriate mood and style for the production. Overall, I really liked this play and thought that the production was done very well. I enjoyed most of all the comedic elements of the play, it was good to laugh and sit through something that was not in a serious tone. I especially thought it a treat to see the audience around me enjoying the performance as frequently as I was.

Facebook Making Us Lonely?

Brittany Barnier Composition 2 January 29, 2013 Keeping in Touch or an Unhealthy Addiction? In this article Is Facebook fashioning Us Lonely? the author, Stephen Marche starts off with an intention grabbing story that made headlines about a lady named Yvette Vickers. She was a former playboy playmate and a b-list pic star. She also was known for being found dead in what he described as in a mummified state, lying next to her hummer, but her heater was not the totally thing near her that was still running.Even later not being found over a year after her death, which was not the only thing that caught the attention of Mr. Marche. When Vickers neighbor found her dead her computer was still on and glowing and lighting up the dark and empty room. After trenchant her phone records, it was proven that even months before her death there were no phone calls to family or relatives, but shockingly only to distant lovers that had only knew her from fan conventions or some internet sites t hat she was registered to.Even though she did not have any children, or any close circle of any kind, only a yoke of weeks within her what they believe was a lonesome death there were already 16,057 Facebook posts and over 884 tweets on Twitter. Mr. Marche used this story bring up the question if sociable media such as Facebook and Twitter could be the cause of lonely. Even with all of the connectivity these are supposititious to bring us, research shows that we have never been lonelier. Marche expressed, Loneliness is certainly not something that Facebook or twitter or any of the lesser forms of social media is doing to us.We are doing it to ourselves. An example that he used in the article was going to self-checkout versus a normal check stand at a grocery store. He even admitted himself to going to the self-checkout, only to avoid wait time and because it is more efficient. Marche isnt trying to bring loneliness upon himself, he is only trying to Bypass the whole circus and ju st ring up the groceries myself. Is lonely a spoi conduct thing? The social network is supposed to be used for citizenry to be connected to each other, but it relies on them to use it like it is supposed to be used and use it to improve themselves instead of becoming lonely.The author stated that one shouldnt cast the blame of loneliness on the engineering science itself, because at some point, the technology does help in improving the lifestyle in this current modernize world. According to a study, 35 percent of adults cured than 45 are chronically lonely, as opposed to 20 percent of a similar group only a decade earlier. E genuinelyone experiences loneliness after a certain amount of time with or without social networking it just comes naturally with life. Instead of relying on talking to friends or hanging out with them to hear up, people rely on Facebook and are constantly checking and it and are also on it.What people dont realize is that Facebook can be very addictive for some people. No one ever realizes that too much of a good thing could be bad such as Facebook has led to having no sense of time and even not being aware of time passing. Facebook mostly appeals to human needs and mostly users that like interactions with playing online games, it makes people lose their reality of the real world and focusing on the fantasy world on Facebook and especially focusing mostly with facing life problems and issues online, instead than living life outside of the internet.It is really a bad influence, because it attracts a lot of users attention to it and that leads to losing sense of time which is spending many countless of hours online and on many other social networks. Being lonely is not always a bad thing but never having that face to face contact, or even decrease in confidence is a horrible way to spend your life.By everyone having a Facebook there are constantly people bloating about how bright they are with their lives or how good they are doing a nd by doing so everyone who is reading that is now thinking how they arent that happy so therefore their life must(prenominal) suck. This is what is causing people to be depressed and very unhappy with their life. We need that physical contact with other human beings, it may not be Facebook as the direct link to us being lonely or unhappy but it definitely only helps us isolate ourselves from everyone.